Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Heterotroph

Answer 2

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

the aerobic process by which living cells break down glucose molecules, release energy, and form molecules of ATP.

Question 4

Pigment

Answer 4

a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water.

Question 5

Chlorophyll

Answer 5

a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

Question 6

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 6

an internal system of interconnected membranes, that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, and then release waste products.

Question 9

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen.

Question 10

Glycolysis

Answer 10

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 11

Fermentation

Answer 11

the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions