Leadership/Admin/Mgmt Flashcards
A horizontal or flat organization
- Few levels between staff & mgmt
- Less supervisions, employees are more involved in decision making
- May increase efficiency, reduce responsibility and speed up communication
Disadvantage of a horizontal/flat org
The disadvantage is that employees may lack a clear sense of directive or job duties. Employees tend to be generalists rather than developing a deep knowledge of key subject areas. There may be power struggles over who has decision-making authority, and management may avoid new opportunities in an effort to keep their flat structure intact. Larger organizations have a hard time with a flat structure.
Vertical or hierarchical organization
- Pyramid-like
- Everyone is a subordinate to someone else, except the top
- Clear leadership and responsibility
- Promotions move people up
- Employees may be deep in their field expertise
- Department loyalty is likely
Disadvantage of a vertical/hierarchical org
- Departments may not communicate well
- Rivalries may develop
- More bureaucracy, slows down responsiveness
- More expensive due to more management personnel
Matrix organizations
- Encourages inter-disciplinary approaches
- May have vertical and horizontal chain of command
- Org/Flow Charts use solid and dash lines to explain formal/indirect report
Disadvantage of matrix orgs
Can be confusing in regards to authority.
Can be difficult to manage and ineffective
Strategic Plan
Strategic Planning is used to assist an organization in guiding its future. Strategic planning sets goals, objectives, and policies for reaching the set of objectives. This allows an organization to imagine its future while also understanding the changes in operations needed to achieve the desired future.
Questions a strategic plan should answer
What is the current situation and how is that situation likely to change in the foreseeable future?
Where are we going as an organization?
How will we get there?
8 Elements of a Strategic Plan
- Analyze the community or organization’s needs.
- Identify results - determine what long-term objectives the city or organization is going to pursue.
- Admit uncertainties - analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) relating to the objectives.
- Involve strategic stakeholders.
- Develop and evaluate alternatives.
- Identify the role of the city.
- Develop a funding policy.
- Evaluate performance.
Impacts of Information & Communications Technologies
1) TNC, Amazon drones, AVs
2) Big data to monitor activities
3) more access to govt data and govt processes (like permits)
4) fleixble work structures, remote work, fiber
Internet of Things
Devices that use the internet to support the delivery of public services and the livability of communities. EX: app of available parking spaces, minimizing circling for parking spaces and maximizing the efficient use of available spaces.
Line Organization
Bureaucratic. Authority/responsibility very defined. Efficient and simple relationships.
Disadvantages of a Line Organization
Monotony. Worker Alienation. Difficult to make adjustments in new circumstances.
3 C’s of a good staff report
Compliance, Consistency, Compatibility
Organizational models in planning
- Management
- Current planning
- Advanced/long range planning
