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#‼️PHYSIOLOGY COPY > COPY - RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

COPY - RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting zone

A

Nose to terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

Air from nose to terminal bronchioles that does not undergo gas exchange

A

Anatomic dead space

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3
Q

Normal anatomic dead space

A

150 ml

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4
Q

Air in the respiratory unit of the lung that doesn’t undergo gas exchange

A

Alveolar dead space

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5
Q

Normal alveolar dead space

A

0 ml

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6
Q

Physiologic dead space is equal to

A

Anatomic + alveolar dead space

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7
Q

Functional anatomic unit of the lung

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

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8
Q

Respiratory unit of the lung

A

Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ductsAlveolar sacs

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9
Q

Cell that Produces mucus for lubrication

A

Goblet cells

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10
Q

Cell that Produces protective GAGs and metabolize airborne toxins

A

Clara cells

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11
Q

Alveolar macrophages are also called

A

Dust cells

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12
Q

Formula for physiologic dead space

A

TV x Paco2- Peco2 ————– Paco2

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13
Q

Alveolar ventilation formula

A

(TV-PDS) x RR

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14
Q

Air inspired over and above the tidal volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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15
Q

Lung volume used during exercise

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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16
Q

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during the relaxed state

A

Tidal volume

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17
Q

Normal tidal volume

A

500 ml

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18
Q

Amount of air exhaled after expiration of tidal volume

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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19
Q

Remaining air in the lungs after maximal exhalation

A

Residual volume

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20
Q

Lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry

A

RVFRCTLC

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21
Q

Maintains oxygenation in between breaths

A

RV

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22
Q

Equilibrium/ resting volume of the lung

A

FRC

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23
Q

Marker for lung function

A

FRC

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24
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

A

VC or FVC

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25
Q

Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired?

A

FRC

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26
Q

Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

A

RV

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27
Q

In a maximal expiration, the total volume expired is

A

VC

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28
Q

In obstructive lung disease, the FEV/FVC ratio is:

A

Decreased

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29
Q

In restrictive lung disease, the FEV/FVC ratio is

A

Normal or increased

30
Q

Force caused by water molecules at the air liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area

A

Surface tension

31
Q

Cells that produce surfactant

A

Type 2 pneumocyted

32
Q

Active component of surfactant

A

DPPCDipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

33
Q

Main component of surfactant

A

Water

34
Q

Test for surfactant

A

Amniotic L:S Ratio

35
Q

Effect of surfactant on lung compliance

A

Increased

36
Q

Major site of airway resistance

A

Medium sized bronchi

37
Q

Driving force for diffusion

A

Partial pressure difference

38
Q

Maximum amount of O2 that can bind to hemoglobin

A

O2 binding capacity

39
Q

Normal O2 binding capacity

A

1.34

40
Q

O2 -hemoglobin dissociation curve is ______ in shape

A

Sigmoidal

41
Q

O2 dissociation curve shifts to the right when:CABET

A

Increased:CO2AcidosisBPGExerciseTemperature

42
Q

Decreased PaO2 but increased A-a gradient:

A

Diffusion defect (fibrosis)V/Q defectRight to left shunt

43
Q

Pulmonary blood flow when supine

A

Same through entire lung

44
Q

Pulmonary blood flow during standing

A

Lowest at apex highest at base

45
Q

Causes of pulmonary global hypoxic vasoconstriction

A

High altitudeFetal circulation

46
Q

Leukotrienes causes

A

Bronchoconstriction

47
Q

In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction?

A

Pulmonary

48
Q

Pulmonary circulation has _____ resistance compared to systemic

A

Lower

49
Q

Normal V/Q ratio

A

0.8

50
Q

V/Q is equal to zero

A

Shunt

51
Q

V/Q is infinite

A

Dead space

52
Q

High V/Q- high PO2 low PCO2 is found in

A

Lung apex

53
Q

Part of the brain that created the basic respiratory rhythm

A

Medulla

54
Q

Modifies the basic respiratory rhythm

A

Pons

55
Q

Contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

A

Pons

56
Q

Main respiratory center

A

DRG

57
Q

Control center for normal/resting inspiration

A

DRG

58
Q

Control center for forced inspiration and expiration

A

VRG

59
Q

Control center that shortens time for inspiration– increased RR

A

Pneumotaxic center

60
Q

Prolongs time for inspiration

A

Apneustic center

61
Q

Central chemoreceptors are located in

A

Ventral Medulla

62
Q

Central chemoreceptors respond to

A

CSF H levels

63
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors are found in

A

Carotid and aortic bodies

64
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

PaO2 <60mmHg

65
Q

Mechanoreceptors that initiates the Hering Breuer reflex

A

Lung stretch receptors

66
Q

Mechanoreceptors found in the juxtacapillary areas and is stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement

A

J receptors

67
Q

Stimulation of J receptors causes

A

Rapid shallow breathingFeeling of dyspnea

68
Q

Arterial pH during strenuous exercise: increased or decreased?

A

Decreased

69
Q

Arterial pH during moderate exercise: increased or decreased?

A

No change

70
Q

Decreased respiratory response to high altitude

A

Alveolar PO2Arterial PO2

#‼️PHYSIOLOGY COPY (23 decks)

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