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#‼️PHYSIOLOGY COPY > COPY - CELL PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

COPY - CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Located in the epithelium for tight intercellular adhesion

A

Macula adherens(Desmosomes)

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2
Q

Increases surface area for contact

A

Zonula adherens

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3
Q

Divides cell into apical and basolateral side

A

Zonula occludens(Tight junction)

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4
Q

For intercellular communication

A

Gap junctions

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5
Q

Structure in between cell membranes that are found in cardiac and unitary smooth muscle

A

Gap junctions

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6
Q

Functional unit of gap junctions

A

Connexon

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7
Q

Subunit of gap junctions

A

Connexin

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8
Q

The low resistance pathways between myocardial cells thay allow for the spread of action potentials are:

A

Gap junctions

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9
Q

Examples of non carrier mediated transport

A

Simple diffusionEndocytosisExocytosis

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10
Q

What are the carrier mediated transports?

A

OsmosisFacilitated DiffusionPrimary Active TransportSecondary Active Transport

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11
Q

Transport mechanisms that are passive and downhill

A

Simple and facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

This transport is used by hormones and neurotransmitters

A

Exocytosis

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13
Q

Transport used by lipid hormones

A

Simple diffusion

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14
Q

Transport mechanisms that are active and uphill

A

Primary and Secondary Active Transport

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15
Q

Transport mechanism:GLUT transporters

A

Facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

Transport mechanisms:Ca-ATPase pump

A

Primary active

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17
Q

Transport mechanisms:SGLT

A

Secondary active

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18
Q

Transport mechanisms:Na-Ca exchange

A

Secondary active

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19
Q

Two substances have the same chemical composition but with a different shape

A

Stereospecificity

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20
Q

The number of carriers are finite. Once all are filled up, rate of transport becomes constant

A

Saturation

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21
Q

Different solutes may compete for the same carrier

A

Competition

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22
Q

Where is GLUT 1 found?

A

BBB

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23
Q

Where’s GLUT 2 at?

A

LiverPancreasBasement membrane of SI

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24
Q

Where is GLUT 3 found?

A

Neurons

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25
Q

GLUT 4?

A

Muscles, Adipose tissue

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26
Q

GLUT 5?

A

Fructose transport from SI lumen

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27
Q

This contributes to basal metabolic rate

A

Na K ATPase pump

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28
Q

Inhibited by Digoxin

A

Na K ATPase pump

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29
Q

What type of transport? SERCA

A

Primary active

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30
Q

What type of transport? Proton pump

A

Primary active

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31
Q

Osmotic pressure is computed using:

A

Van Hoff’s Law

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32
Q

Reflection coefficient of UREA

A

Zero

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33
Q

Reflection coefficient of ALBUMIN:

A

One (1)

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34
Q

Potential difference generated across a membrane because of a concentration difference of an ion

A

Diffusion potential

35
Q

Elquilibrium potential is also called:

A

Nernst potential

36
Q

Diffusion potential that exactly balances the tendency for diffusion caused by concentration difference

A

Equilibrium potential

37
Q

Resting membrane potential is exhibited by:

A

All cells

38
Q

Exhibited only by excitable cells

A

Action potential

39
Q

Examples of excitable cells

A

NeuronsMuscle

40
Q

Normal resting membrane potential for nerve

A

-70mV

41
Q

Nerve membrane has a high resting conductance to this ion

A

K

42
Q

Characteristics of a True Action Potential

A

Sterotypical size and shapePropagatingAll or none

43
Q

Positive charges flow into the cell causing depolarization

A

Inward current

44
Q

Basis for absolute refractory period

A

Closed Na-inactivation gates

45
Q

Basis for relative refractory period

A

Prolonged opening of K channels

46
Q

Occurs when cell membrane is depolarized but not rapidly enough which causes Na inactivation gates to eventually close= NO AP

A

Accomodation

47
Q

Conduction velocity is increased by:

A

Fiber sizeMyelinationNodes of Ranvier

48
Q

Part of the neuron where NT receptors are found

A

Dendrites

49
Q

Part of the neuron where AP starts

A

Axon hilock (initial segment)

50
Q

Synaptic transmission where 2 or more excitatory inputs at the same time

A

Spatial summation

51
Q

Synaptic transmission where 2 or more excitatory inputs at rapid succession

A

Temporal summation

52
Q

This neurotransmitter triggers REM sleep

A

Acetylcholine

53
Q

This neurotransmitter is decreased in Alzheimers

A

Acetylcholine

54
Q

This neurotransmitter is found in the locus ceruleus of the pons

A

NEILOCUS NORTE

55
Q

Neurotransmitter for arousal and wakefulness

A

NE

56
Q

Neurotransmitter that is decreased in parkinsons and increased in schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

57
Q

Neurotransmitter Found in the median raphe of brainstem

A

Serotonin

58
Q

Neurotransmitter from tryptophan and converted to melatonin

A

Serotonin

59
Q

Phenylalanine derivatives

A

Pare True Love Does Not Exist To MelaniePhenylalanine TyrosineL dopaDopamineNorepinephrine Epinephrine T3 T4Melanin

60
Q

Tryptophan derivatives

A

Trip Mo Siya Noh?Tryptophan Melatonin Serotonin Niacin

61
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in fast pain

A

Glutamate

62
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in slow pain

A

Substance P

63
Q

Skeletal muscle for detecting changes in muscle length

A

Intafusal

64
Q

Skeletal muscle for voluntary muscle contraction

A

Extrafusal

65
Q

Type of extrafusal muscle fiber that is for endurance

A

1 slow red ox with a perfect postureType 1Slow twitchRed muscle fiberOxidative

66
Q

Functional and structural unit of a muscle

A

Sarcomere

67
Q

Part of the sarcomere that is purely MYOSIN

A

H band

68
Q

Part of the sarcomere that is purely ACTIN

A

I band

69
Q

Part of sarcomere with no myosin heads

A

Bare zone

70
Q

Ca channels is sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Ryanodine receptors

71
Q

Proteins that stores Ca in sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Calsequestrin

72
Q

Largest protein in human body

A

Titin

73
Q

Protein that binds myosin to Z lines, binds Z line to M line

A

Titin

74
Q

This protein stabilizes sarcolemma and prevents contraction induced rupture

A

Dystrophin

75
Q

Occurs 3-6 hours after death due to lack of ATP

A

Rigor Mortis

76
Q

Accumulation of which solute is responsible for tetanus?

A

Calcium

77
Q

Which type of muscle relied on “calcium induced calcium release” system?

A

Cardiac muscle

78
Q

What phase in the SA node AP determines HR?

A

Phase 4

79
Q

Which muscle type has no troponin?

A

Smooth muscle

80
Q

Inhibits muscle contraction in smooth muscles

A

Caldesmon and calponin

81
Q

Type of smooth muscle that uses junctional potential only

A

Multi unit smooth muscle

82
Q

What type of smooth muscle is the ciliary eye muscle?

A

Mutli unit smooth muscle

83
Q

Type of smooth muscle that has gap junctions

A

Single unit/unitary

84
Q

Triggers release of ICF calcium in smooth muscle

A

HormonesNTStretch

#‼️PHYSIOLOGY COPY (23 decks)

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