COPY - RENAL Flashcards
Which substances can measure ECF?
Sulfate InulinMannitol
Which substances can measure total body water?
Tritiated water D2OAntipyrine
Which substances can measure plasma?
Radioactive iodine serum albuminEvans blue
What is the formula for computing interstitial fluid volume?
ECF-plasma
Formula for plasma osmolarity
2xNa+ Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
Structural and Functional unit of the kidneys
Nephron
Types of Nephron:75% of nephronsLocated in renal cortex with shorter loops of Henle With peritubular capillaries
Cortical Nephron
Types of Nephron:25% of nephronsLocated in the corticomedullary junction, longer loops of Henle and with Vasa Recta
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
What type of collagen is in the basement membrane?
Type IV
It is the main charge barrier of the glomerulus
Basement membrane
Cells in the renal corpuscle that are modified smooth muscles capable of phagocytosis
Intraglomerular Mesangial cells
Renal corpuscle cell that secretes renin
JG cells
Cells in the renal corpuscle found in the distal tubule that monitors Na concentration
Macula Densa
Macula densa also detects changes in?
BPGFR
Cells of the renal corpuscle with unknown function
Lacis cell(Extraglomerular mesangial cell)
Also known as the workhorse of the nephron
PCT
PCT reabsorbs 66% of filtered _________
KNaH2O
PCT reabsorbs 100% of filtered _________
GlucoseAmino acids
Part of the tubular system that is known as the countercurrent multiplier
Loop of Henle
The descending Loop of Henle is permeable to:A. WaterB. Solutes
Water
The ascending Loop of Henle is permeable to:A. WaterB. Solutes
SolutesASINding limb
Also known as the diluting segment
Thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle
This is inhibited by loop diuretics in the thick ascending limb
Na-K-2Cl symport
The cortical collecting tubule is also called?
Late distal tubule
The collecting duct is composed of the ________collecting tubule and he collecting duct
Medullary
Also called the CORTICAL diluting segment
Early distal tubule
Cells in the late distal tubule that reabsorb Na and secrete K
Principal cells
Cells in the late distal tubule that reabsorb K and secrete H
Intercalated cells
The site of regulation of final urine volume and concentration
Collecting duct
Part of the tubular system where ADH will act
Collecting duct
Most potent trigger for the release of ADH
Increased plasma osmolarity
Histology in the PCT that is for increase in surface area and transporters
MicrovilliConvolutions
The first part to die in the tubular system during Acute Tubular Necrosis
PCT
It is the volume of plasma cleared of a substance per unit of time
Clearance
Formula for Clearance
Urine concentration xVolume /Plasma concentration
If a substance has a high clearance, it will be found in the _____
Urine
If a substance has low clearance, it will be found in the ______
Blood
What substance has the highest clearance?
PAHPara-aminohippuric acid
What substance has the lowest clearance?
CHONNaGlucoseAmino acids HCO3Cl
What substances has a clearance equal to the GFR?
InulinCreatinine
This substance is used to estimate Renal Blood Flow and Renal Plasma Flow
PAH
What substances are filtered alone and not secreted nor reabsorbed?
InulinCreatinine
What substances are filtered and 100% reabsorbed, never secreted?
NaGlucoseAmino acidsHCO3Cl
What substance is filtered and secreted and not reabsorbed?
PAH
When the substance’s clearance is less than the GFR, there is
Net reabsorption
When the substance’s clearance is more than the GFR, there is
Net secretion
Substances that can be used to measure kidney function
InulinCreatinine
Renal blood flow is ____% of the cardiac output
25%
If clearance is equal to GFR, there is
Filtration
Substances that cause vasodilation of renal arterioles : increased RBF
PGE2PGI2BradykininNODopamine