psych exam 2 prep

Question 1

What makes you more vulnerable to addiction? (4 things)

Answer 1

• age under 25
• underlying conditions
• high pressure jobs
• high-stress environments

Question 2

• decreases levels of dopamine & serotonin

- belongs to amphetamine class of drugs

Answer 2

MDMA/Ecstasy

Question 3

• varies between different receptors

- an attraction to a receptor

Answer 3

affinity

Question 4

• was a controversial study

- showed less brain activity in drug users and those recovering

Answer 4

cocaine w PET scan

Question 5

• direct agonist to dopamine

- use causes permanent changes

Answer 5

cocaine

Question 6

• powerful class of drugs

Answer 6

amphetamine

Question 7

• led to participants committing suicide

- permanent decrease in serotonin levels

Answer 7

Ecstasy study

Question 8

• process of forming neuronal tolerance

- plugs the receptor making it non-functional

Answer 8

“capping” a receptor

Question 9

• decrease in # of available receptors

- must take more drug for the same effect

Answer 9

tolerance

Question 10

• super high levels of activity

Answer 10

color white on the pet scans indicated

Question 11

• is aversive

- goal pathway neurons fire

Answer 11

motivation

Question 12

• pleasure neurotransmitter

Answer 12

dopamine

Question 13

• involved in pleasure, learning, reward

- series of projections from the VTA to other areas of the brain

Answer 13

mesocoricolimbic dopamine pathway

Question 14

• is stimulated by the VTA

- is the area where dopamine is released

Answer 14

nucleus accumbens

Question 15

• is considered a “reward center”

- is connected to the hippocampus, cortex, nucleus accumbens

Answer 15

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

Question 16

The nicotine patch is 45% successful

Answer 16

false (25%)

Question 17

• activate mesolimbic dopamine pathway/nucleus accumbens
• produce dependency
• produce neuronal tolerance

Answer 17

To be addictive something must:

Question 18

• can cause changes in other body tissues

- drug is taken to minimize withdrawal symptoms

Answer 18

dependency

Question 19

• Does not cause long-term changes in brain

- does not activate nucleus accumbens

Answer 19

Why isn’t nicotine addictive?

Question 20

• partially antagonizes brain

Answer 20

second hand smoke exposure

Question 21

• binds to nicotinic receptors

- released by cholinergic neurons

Answer 21

acetylcholine

Question 22

The nucleus accumbens does neurogenesis

Answer 22

false