Topic 3 - Skeletal system Flashcards
Name the 16 bones in the body
Cranium Mandible Vertebrae Clavicle Humerus Ribs Radius Hip Ulna Carpals Meta carpals Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia
What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system and describe each of them
Shape - The skeleton helps keep the shape of the body. It provides the framework for muscles
Support and protection- The skeleton keeps the body upright, rigid and firm. It provides a framework for muscles and tissue attachment and also the bones protect the organs within e.g. cranium protects the brain
Production of blood cells - Red and white blood cells are produced by bone marrow
Mineral storage - The bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other functions.
Movement - Skeleton has ‘anchor points’ to which muscles attach and act as levers.
What is a joint
A joint is where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement
What is a joint held by
Ligaments
What are the 3 classifications of joints and escribe each of them
Immovable/fibrous - These joints are fixed and no movement is possible
Slightly movable/cartilaginous joints - There are small gaps between the bones at these joints, filled with CARTILAGE to prevent grinding and enable slight movements
Synovial/freely movable joints - Allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
What type of fluid so synovial joint have?
synovial fluid
In synovial joints, what are the ends of the bones covered with?
cartilage
What are the bones connected by in synovial joints?
Ligaments
Give some characteristics of ligaments (3)
Tough, fibrous and slightly elastic
Give some characteristics of tendons (2)
Strong, inelastic connective tissue
State the different types of synovial joints (6) the site in their body and the bones involved
Gliding - hand - carpals
Condyloid - wrist - carpals and metacarpals
Pivot - Neck - Atlas and axis
Saddle - Thumb - carpals and metacarpals
Ball and socket - hip - pelvis/femur
Hinge - Knee - femur/tibia/fibula
Elbow - humerus/radius/ulnaWhich type of joint allows the greatest range of movement?
Ball and socket.
Which gel-like substance helps to lubricate the movement of joints?
Synovial fluid
Which two bones connect at the shoulder?
Scapula and humerus
Which shock-absorbing structure lines the end of bones that connect at synovial joints?
Cartilage
