Topic 3 - Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the cardio-vascular system

Answer 1

Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid

Stabilisation of body temperature

Protection from disease

Supply and transportation of O2, and other nutrients to the body for muscular contraction

Question 2

What type of muscle is the heart?

Answer 2

cardiac

Question 3

What is the right and left hand side of the heart responsible for?

Answer 3

The right-hand side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.

Question 4

What is the function for the pulmonary artery

Answer 4

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 5

What is the function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 5

Brings back oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium

Question 6

What is the function of the left atrium

Answer 6

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Question 7

What is the function of the bicuspid valve

Answer 7

A two-flapped valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle

Question 8

What is the function of the right ventricle

Answer 8

The chamber of the heart which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 9

What is the function of the aorta

Answer 9

Main artery which takes oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body

Question 10

What is the function of the vena cava

Answer 10

The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart from lower body

Question 11

What is the function of the right atrium

Answer 11

The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from upper body

Question 12

What is the function of the tricuspid valve

Answer 12

The three-flapped valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle

Question 13

What is the function of the left ventricle

Answer 13

The chamber of the heart which pumps oxygenated blood around the body

Question 14

What do arteries do?

Answer 14

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 15

What do veins do?

Answer 15

Carry blood towards the heart

Question 16

What is the main artery

Answer 16

aorta

Question 17

What is the main vein

Answer 17

vena cava

Question 18

What is vasodilation

Answer 18

When blood vessels widen (open)

Question 19

What is vasoconstriction

Answer 19

When blood vessels close

Question 20

Describe the pathway of the blood through the heart - left hand side

Answer 20

Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart from the lungs in the pulmonary vein. It goes into the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the aorta and round the body.

Question 21

Describe the pathway of the blood through the heart - right hand side

Answer 21

Deoxygenated blood from the body is carried to the heart in the vena cava. It goes into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.

Question 22

What is heart rate

Answer 22

Number of times the heart beats in a minute

Question 23

What is stroke volume

Answer 23

The amount of blood forced out of the heart (left ventricle) per beat

Question 24

What is the formula for working out cardiac output

Answer 24

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 25

What does it mean by systolic

Answer 25

when the heart contracts

Question 26

What does it mean by diastolic

Answer 26

when the heart relaxes

Question 27

How do you work out maximum HR

Answer 27

220 - age

Question 28

What happens when stroke volume increases

Answer 28

blood is pumped out of the heart each time it contracts.

Question 29

What happens as exercise increases

Answer 29

cardiac output increases

Question 30

Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood?

Answer 30

Veins

Question 31

What is defined as “the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute”

Answer 31

Cardiac output

Question 32

Explain what happens to the cardiovascular system during exercise? (4 marks – give 4 different points)

Answer 32

Indeed, any changes to heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output are determined by the intensity and duration of exercise. There are many things which happen to the cardiovascular system during exercise. During exercise the heart rate increases so that sufficient blood is taken to the working muscles to provide them with enough nutrients and oxygen. An increase in heart rate also allows for waste products to be removed. Also, Stroke volume increases which means more blood is pumped out of the heart every time it contracts. This would manifest that cardiac output will increase as cardiac output is stroke volume x heart rate. At rest, a person’s cardiac output is approximately 5 litres per minute. However, during exercise, this can increase to as much as 30 litres per minute as both the heart rate and stroke volume increase. Also, blood pressure increases as the heart is contracting and relaxing more often. A typical blood pressure reading for a person at the start of exercise would be around 160/85 mmhg.