Skeletal

Question 1

Structure of the skeletal system

Answer 1

The skeletal system includes the bones of the skeleton and the cartilages, ligaments, and other connective tissue that stabilize or connect the bones

Question 2

Function of the skeletal system

Answer 2

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

Question 3

List joint movements (i.e flexion)

Answer 3

• Flexion: Results in joint angle decreasing
• extension: results in joint angle increasing
• Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body (arms and legs)
• Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body (arms and legs)
• Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner. A motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis.
• Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. A motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis
• Supination: In the forearm, refers to the turning of the forearm and hand so that the palm is facing up.
• Pronation: In the forearm, refers to the turning of the forearm and hand so that the palm is facing down.
• Dorsiflexion: Movement which decreases the angle between the foot and the leg, so that the toes are brought closer to the shin.
• Plantar flexion:
• Inversion: In the foot refers to the inward roll of the foot during normal motion.
• Eversion: In the foot refers to the outward roll of the foot during normal motion.
• Elevation is movement in a superior direction. For example, shrugging is an example of elevation of the scapula.
• Depression is movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation.

Question 4

Anatomical terms (i.e superior)

Answer 4

• Superior and Inferior. Superior means above, inferior means below. EG. The elbow is superior (above) to the hand. The foot is inferior (below) to the knee.
• Anterior and Posterior. Anterior means toward the front (chest side) of the body, posterior means toward the back.
• Medial and Lateral. Medial means toward the midline of the body, lateral means away from the midline.
• Proximal and Distal. Proximal means closest to the point of origin or trunk of the body, distal means farthest away. Proximal and distal are often used when describing arms and legs. EG. If you were describing the shin bone, the proximal end would be the end close to the knee and the distal end would be the end close to the foot. In the fingers of the hand, a proximal joint is closest to the wrist and a distal joint is farthest from the wrist.
• Superficial and Deep. Superficial means toward the body surface, deep means farthest from the body surface.

Question 5

List the main bones of the skeletal system

Answer 5

Skull – including the jaw bone
Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna
Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
Pelvis – hip bones
Legs – thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
Feet – tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.

Question 6

List types of bones

Answer 6

• Long bone – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps). With the help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement.
• Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
• Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
• Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae).