Cardiovascular

Question 1

structure of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 2

Function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

● Circulate blood.
● Bring O2 , water & nutrients to the cells.
● Take CO2 & other wastes away from the cells.
● Maintain body T0 & hydration.
● Fight disease.
● Blood clotting.

Question 3

The heart at rest vs during exercise

Answer 3

During exercise, your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body. Your heart can also increase its stroke volume by pumping more forcefully or increasing the amount of blood that fills the left ventricle before it pumps.

whereas at rest heartbeat is a single cycle so your heart contracts and relaxes to pump blood.

Question 4

What are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 4

Red blood: Carry oxygen to, & carbon dioxide from, the cells and muscles and contain hemoglobin (the substance that carries oxygen through the bloodstream).

White blood: Fight disease causing organisms by absorbing & digesting them and are larger than red blood cells.

Platelets: Cause the blood to clot when a blood vessel is damaged and are produced in the bone marrow.

Plasma: Carries waste products from the cells and is also suspended in plasma are proteins, salts, glucose, fats, antibodies & hormones

Question 5

Role of cardiovascular during thermoregulation (i.e hypothermia, hyperthermia and homeostasis)

Answer 5

When your hypothalamus senses that you’re too hot, it sends signals to your sweat glands to make you sweat and cool you off. When the hypothalamus senses that you’re too cold, it sends signals to your muscles that make your shiver and create warmth. This is called maintaining homeostasis.

Question 6

Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation when regulating blood distribution

Answer 6

Vasoconstriction is a response to being too cold. The process involves the narrowing of blood vessels at the skin surface to reduce heat loss through the surface of the skin. Vasodilation is a response to being too hot.

Question 7

CO = HR x SV

Answer 7

This equation tells us that the cardiac output equals the heart rate (HR), which is the number of heartbeats per minute, times the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each heartbeat. If your body needs more blood, then your heart will increase the cardiac output.

Question 8

How does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 8

1. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
2. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
3. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
4. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.

Question 9

Types of blood flow

Answer 9

• Pulmonary circuit ( blood flow between the heart and lungs )
• Systemic circuit – ( blood flow between the heart and the body)

Question 10

What are the three major blood vessels?

Answer 10

• ARTERIES - carry blood away from the heart
• CAPILLARIES – allow the exchange of gases, nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.
• VEINS – carry blood back to the heart.