Cardiorespiratory

Question 1

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs
• Provide method of gaseous exchange within the lungs
• Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide exits
• Create speech as air passes over the vocal cords
• Facilitate sense of smell
• Expel heat and water vapor in the air breathed out

Question 2

Structure of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Structure of the respiratory system
Comprises 3 main sections:
- Air passages
- Lungs
- Diaphragm

Question 3

Process/mechanics of breathing (in order)

Answer 3

1. Nasal cavity & mouth - Where the air enters the respiratory system
2. Pharynx - Where the back of the mouth and nose meet
3. Larynx - Produces sound when air passes over the larynx
4. Trachea - Assists with air delivery. Also known as wind pipe.
5. Bronchi - tubes that provide air to the lungs
6. Bronchioles - Each bronchus subdivides into smaller branches called bronchioles
7. Alveoli
   - Cup shaped sacs found at the end of bronchioles
   - Surrounded by capillaries, they provide the site for continual exchange of 02 and CO2.

Question 4

what is pulmonary diffusion (Gaseous Exchange)

Answer 4

Diffusion is the the movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This is between the gas in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries in the lungs.

Question 5

Differentiate between inspiration and expiration

Answer 5

INSPIRATION (breathing in)

• Volume of lungs increases
• External intercostal muscles contract & internal intercostal muscles relax to lift rib cage up and the diaphragm contracts to become flatter (this causes a larger volume and thus an area of low pressure)
• Air enters the lungs moving from area of high pressure to low pressure

EXPIRATION (breathing out)

• Volume of lungs decreases
• External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract to lower rib cage and diaphragm relaxes to become dome shaped (this causes a smaller volume and thus an area of high pressure)
• Air exits the lungs from an area of high pressure to low.

Question 6

Describe mechanics of breathing

Answer 6

If you require extra O2 (e.g. when you increase your exercise level or intensity) the brain senses the change in level of O2 and CO2 and will increase Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate as a result to try to make up the difference

Question 7

the interrelationship of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to transport oxygen around the body

Answer 7

The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart.