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Kinesiology PTA 125 > Ch 11 - elbow joint > Flashcards

Ch 11 - elbow joint Flashcards

1
Q

how many axes does synovial joint have?

A

0-3 axes

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2
Q

when a muscle has contracted (shortened) over all of its joints as far as it can, it becomes?

A

actively insufficient

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3
Q

when a muscle has lengthened over all of its joints as far as it can, it becomes?

A

passively insufficient

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4
Q

Distal (fixed); proximal (open)

A

closed kinetic chain

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5
Q

distal (open); proximal (fixed)

A

open kinetic chain

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6
Q

3 bones, 3 ligaments, two joints, one capsule

A

elbow complex

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7
Q

articulation of humerus with ulna and radius

A

elbow joint

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8
Q

uniaxial hinge joint with flexion and extension

A

elbow joint

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9
Q

occurs in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis

A

flexion and extension

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10
Q

145 degrees

A

flexion

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11
Q

trochlea on humerus articulates with trochlear notch of ulna

A

humeroulnar articulation

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12
Q

capitulum on humerus articulates with head of radius

A

humeroradial articulation

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13
Q

this does not occur because olecranon process of ulna fits into olecranon fossa of humerus

A

hyperextension

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14
Q

if hyperextension occurs, it’s due to _____

A

laxity of ligaments

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15
Q

head of radius pivots within the radial notch of ulna

A

proximal radioulnar joint

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16
Q

articulation between radius and ulna

A

radioulnar joint

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17
Q

involves each bone articulation with the other at both ends of the forearm; uniaxial joint; allows pronation and supination

A

radioulnar joint

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18
Q

occurs in transverse plane around vertical axis

A

supination and pronation

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19
Q

90 degrees of motion

A

supination

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20
Q

80 degrees of motion

A

pronation

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21
Q

distal end of radius rotates around distal end of ulna

A

distal radioulnar joint

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22
Q

____ moves around _____

A

radius; ulna

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23
Q

shorten or lengthen the upper extremity and to place hand in space; allows forearm to move hand closer and farther from body

A

elbow function

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24
Q

in order to pronate and supinate, the muscle must attach on the _____

A

radius

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25
Q

when in anatomical positions, the longitudinal axes of humerus and forearm form an angle

A

carrying angle

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26
Q

5 degrees

A

carrying angle of men

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27
Q

10-15 degrees

A

carrying angle of women

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28
Q

occurs because distal end of humerus is ot level- medial side (trochlea) is lower than lateral side (capitulum)

A

carrying angle

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29
Q

soft end feel because muscle bulk of arm compresses together and limit motion

A

elbow flexion

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30
Q

bony end feel because olecranon process of ulna moves into olecranon fossa of humerus

A

elbow extension

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31
Q

firm end feel due to muscle and ligament tension

A

forearm supination

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32
Q

bony end feel due to connection between radius and ulna

A

forearm pronation

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33
Q

_____ on _____ relationship

A

concave on conves

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34
Q

trochlea and capitulum are _____ of humerus

A

convex

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35
Q

trochlear notch and radial head glide posteriorly

A

elbow extension

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36
Q

trochlear notch and radial head glide anteriorly

A

elbow flexion

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37
Q

glides ____ direction as the motion of forearm

A

same

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38
Q

raised portion on the inferior lip of glenoid fossa that provides attachment of long head of triceps muscle

A

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

39
Q

raised portion on the superior lip of glenoid fossa that provides attachment of biceps muscle

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

40
Q

projection on anterior surface that provides attachment for the short head of biceps muscle

A

coracoid process of scapula

41
Q

groove that the radial nerve runs through as it spirals around the midhumerus

A

spiral groove of humerus (distal end)

42
Q

located on medial side of distal end and articulates with the ulna

A

trochlea of humerus (distal end)

43
Q

on lateral side next to trochlea and articulates with head of humerus

A

capitulum of humerus (distal end)

44
Q

located on medial side of distal end above trochlea; larger and more prominent; provides attachment for pronator teres muscle

A

medial epicondyle of humerus (distal end)

45
Q

located on lateral side of distal end above capitulum; provides attachment for anconeus and supinator muscles

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (distal end)

46
Q

located above the lateral epicondyle and provide attachment for the brachioradialis muscle

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (distal end)

47
Q

located on posterior surface between the medial and lateral epicondyles; articulates with the olecranon process of ulna

A

olecranon fossa of humerus (distal end)

48
Q

medial bone of forearm

A

ulna

49
Q

located at the proximal end of the ulna on the posterior surface; forms prominent point of elbow; provides attachment for triceps muscle

A

olecranon process of ulna

50
Q

semilunar notch; articulates with the trochlea of humerus; makes up anterior surface at proximal end

A

trochlear notch of ulna

51
Q

located just below trochlear notch; provides attachment for brachialis muscle

A

coronoid process of ulna

52
Q

located at proximal end on lateral side just distal to trochlear notch; articulation point for head of radius

A

radial notch of ulna

53
Q

at distal end on posterior medial side

A

styloid process of ulna

54
Q

located below the coronoid process; provides attachment for brachialis muscle

A

ulnar tuberosity of ulna

55
Q

at distal end on the lateral side; ulnar notch of radius pivots around it during pronation and supination

A

head of ulna

56
Q

lateral bone of forearm

A

radius

57
Q

proximal end and has a cylindar shape with a depression in superior surface where it articulated with capitulum of humerus

A

head of radius

58
Q

located on medial side near proximal end; provides attachment for biceps muscle

A

radial tuberosity of radius

59
Q

located on posterior lateral side at distal end; attachment for brachioradialis

A

styloid process of radius

60
Q

medial collateral, lateral collateral, annular ligament

A

ligaments of elbow

61
Q

triangular; attaches proximally on lateral epicondyle of humerus and distally on annular ligament and lateral side of ulna

A

lateral collateral ligament

62
Q

triangular and spans medial side of elbow; attaches to medial epicondyle of humerus and runs obliquely to medial side of coronoid process and olecranon process of ulna

A

medial collateral ligament

63
Q

what ligaments provides medial and lateral stability of elbow joint

A

medial and lateral collateral ligament

64
Q

attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to radial notch of ulna encompassing head of radius and holding it against the ulna

A

annular ligament

65
Q

broad, flat membrane located between radius and ulna that holds the radioulnar articulations together; keeps the two bones from separation and provides more surface area for attachment of forearm and wrist muscles

A

interosseous membrane

66
Q

attaches around distal side of humerus and encompasses the trochlea, capitulum, and fossa located above them; attaches around proximal end of ulna under the radial notch and coronoid process and around trochlear notch; attaches around radius just under head

A

joint capsule

67
Q

strengthened anteriorly and posteriorly by annular ligaments; collateral ligaments reinforce capsule on joint side

A

joint capsule

68
Q

in elbow flexion, the joint capsule is taut on the ____ aspect and slack on the ____ aspect

A

posterior; anterior

69
Q

in elbow extension, the joint capsule is taut on the _____ and slack on the ____ aspect

A

anterior; posterior

70
Q

between biceps tendon and brachioradialis muscle but not considered to be within fossa

A

radial nerve

71
Q

divides into radial (superficial) and ulnar (deeper) arteries near inferior apex of fossa

A

brachial artery

72
Q

3 superficial veins (superficial to fossa)

A

medial cubital, cephalic, basilic

73
Q

main vertical structures within fossa

A

biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve (lateral to medial)

74
Q

if the muscles cross on the anterior aspect of elbow, it performs

A

elbow flexion

75
Q

if the muscles cross on the posterior aspect of elbow, it performs

A

elbow extension

76
Q

muscles of the elbow and forearm originate on

A

humerus and sometimes scapula

77
Q

muscles of the elbow and forearm insert on

A

radius and ulna

78
Q

originated medially and cross anterior aspect of joint to insert on radius

A

pronation

79
Q

originated posteriorly and cross lateral side of forearm to insert on radius

A

supination

80
Q

brachial plexus and innervate all muscles of elbow

A

terminal nerves

81
Q

innervates muscle of anterior arm involved in elbow flexion

A

musculocutaneous nerve

82
Q

descends arm anteriorly sending branches to pronator muscles

A

median nerve

83
Q

travels through axilla and around middle portion of humerus to innervate the posterior surface of arm, forearm, and hand; responsible for elbow extension

A

radial nerve

84
Q

“tennis elbow”; common overuse condition that affects the common extensor tendon where it inserts into lateral epicondyle of humerus

A

lateral epicondylitis

85
Q

“golfer’s elbow”; inflammation of common flexor tendon that inserts into medial epicondyle

A

medial epicondylitis

86
Q

overuse injury of medial epicondyle caused by repetitive throwing motion; places carious stress on elbow causing lateral compression and medial distraction on joint

A

little league elbow

87
Q

nursemaid’s elbow; common in children under 5 who experience a sudden strong traction force of arm; force causes radial head to sublux out from under annular ligament

A

pulled elbow

88
Q

common in children; caused by falling on outstretched hand; distal end of humerus fractures above condyles

A

supracondylar fracture

89
Q

when great deal of force is applied to elbow that is slightly flexed; caused ulna to slide posterior to distal end of humerus

A

elbow dislocation

90
Q

which pathologies could potentially damage brachial artery?

A

supracondylar fracture and elbow dislocation

91
Q

rare but potentially devastating ichemic necrosis of forearm muscles

A

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

92
Q

pain from hitting funny bone; superficial where it crosses the medial elbow between bony olecranon process and medial epicondyle; creates pain, numbness, and tingling in medial hand and 4th-5th fingers

A

ulnar nerve compression

93
Q

brachialis is ____ to biceps

A

deep

Kinesiology PTA 125 (21 decks)

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