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ENGLISH IV > U4 L3 Structural Grammar > Flashcards

U4 L3 Structural Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Who were advocates of structural linguistics?

A
  • Charles C. Fries
  • Edward Sapir
  • Leonard Bloomfield
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of fallacies that structural linguists tried to expose in traditionalists thinking?

A

semantic, logical, and normative fallacies

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3
Q

What do structural linguists believe semantic fallacies to exist in?

A

traditions definitions of parts of speech

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4
Q

What do Traditional grammarians recognize as the standard dictionary definition of ‘thing’ to mean?

A
  • any object
  • whatever is done, happening
  • whatever is spoken
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5
Q

What is semantics?

A

scientific study of word meanings

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6
Q

What is structural linguistics?

A

study of language to determine/describe structural patterns and interrelationships

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7
Q

What do structural linguists believe logical fallacies to exist in?

A

traditional description of actual English sentences

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8
Q

What is logical fallacy?

A

false idea arrived through faulty reasoning

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9
Q

What to structural linguists use the term normative fallacy to refer to?

A

traditional grammarian’s habit of setting up prescriptive norms for usage

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10
Q

What is normative fallacy?

A

false idea that violates a norm it is supposed to uphold

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11
Q

What are some rules of normative fallacies that structuralists see as unrealistic quibbles (trivial objections)?

A
  • use of shall and will in first person future tense
  • objection to split infinitives
  • against ending sentence with preposition
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12
Q

What are the 3 principles that state the position of structural linguists?

A
  • Grammar makes set of patterns common to a community
  • Each language/dialect has own patterns
  • Analysis/description of a language must conform to scientific theory in simplicity, consistency, completeness, and ability to change
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13
Q

What does structural grammar emphasize?

A

spoken languages over written language

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14
Q

How does structural grammar’s analysis of language begin and progress?

A

begins with word forms then works back toward meaning

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15
Q

What is Traditional grammar primarily concerned with?

A

morphology and syntax

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16
Q

What is morphology?

A
  • grammar branch that handles word forms and formation
  • by inflection or derivation
  • relationship of one part of word to another part of word
17
Q

what is syntax?

A
  • grammar branch dealing with word arrangement and phrase in a sentence
  • relationships among words
18
Q

What is Structural grammar primarily concerned with?

A 
-sounds in language and effects of it on meaning
emphasis on:
-phonemes
-stress
-pitch
-juncture
19
Q

How many classes of words does Structural grammar recognize?

A

12

20
Q

What are the first 4 classes of Structural grammar?

A
  • nouns
  • verbs
  • adjectives
  • adverbs
21
Q

What do the definitions of the first 4 classes of Structural grammar depend on?

A
  • form
  • function
  • position
22
Q

What are the other 8 classes of Structural grammar CALLED?

A
  • Function words

- words that have little or no lexical meaning

23
Q

What are the other 8 classes of Structural grammar (LIST)?

A
  • auxiliaries
  • prepositions
  • interrogatives
  • determiners
  • conjunctions
  • intensives
  • pronouns
  • unnamed class

APID CIPU

24
Q

What are 2 unnamed class words?

A

not

there

25
Q

What are 2 determiner words?

A

this

those

26
Q

What are interrogatives?

A

words to introduce questions with forms of ‘to be’ or ‘to do’
-includes when, where, why, who

27
Q

What are intensives?

A
  • adverbs to emphasize modified word

- common intensifier- very

28
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

pattern of form changes undergone by a word

29
Q

What do Structural linguists define word classes according to?

A

syntax and morphology

ENGLISH IV (79 decks)

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