Reinforcement

Question 0

Response induction

Answer 0

Recognition that all behaviors in a response class may increase in strength when any member of the response class begins to be reinforced

Question 1

Nine effects of rewards are

Answer 1

Elicited or emotional effects
Aggression/ritualistic behavior
Suppression of the target response
Approach to the reinforcing agent
Operant effects
Generalization and discrinination
Response induction
Transient efforts
Imitation

Question 2

Functional non-aversive procedures for addressing problem behavior

Answer 2

Identifying the the function
Removing the function ( or withholding the reinforcer)
Developing appropriate behaviors that serve the same function

Question 3

Possible disadvantages of punishment

Answer 3

Emotional response
Escape/avoidance
Aggression
Modeling
Perpetuation of punishment
Individuals becoming conditioned punishers
No establishment of alternative behaviors
Need for the presence of the punishing agent
Presumed punishment is actually a reinforcer
Withdrawal

Question 4

Premack principle

Answer 4

Makes the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior contingent upon a low probability behavior. Reinforcer is an activity not a tangible item

Question 5

Fixed ratio

Answer 5

High, steady rate of responding with a post reinforcement pause

Question 6

Variable ratio

Answer 6

High, steady rate of responding

Question 7

Fixed Interval

Answer 7

Increasing rate of responding as the end of the interval approaches and a post reinforcement pause

Question 8

Variable Interval

Answer 8

A constant, stable rate of responding

Question 9

Variables that effect the quality of a reinforcer

Answer 9

Timing - should be immediate
Consistency - reinforcement is delivered according to an established schedule and is not random
Quality
Quantity/duration - reinforce generously but do not satiate
Variety - vary reinforcers to avoid satiation
Establishing operation

Question 10

Punishment may be justifies when

Answer 10

Behavior is a serious risk to self or others
Necessary to make it possible to teach a functionally equivalent behavior
Is used in addition to positive procedures

Question 11

Functional non aversive procedures for addressing problem behavior

Answer 11

Identifying the function
Removing the function (withholding reinforcer)
Developing appropriate behaviors that serve the same function