Classification System for Diagnosing Disorders - DSM-5

Question 1

When was the DSM first published?

Answer 1

First version published in 1952

Question 2

When was the DSM-5 published?

Answer 2

Published 2013

Question 3

How publishes the DSM-5?

Answer 3

APA - American psychiatric association

Question 4

How many sections are in the DSM-5?

Answer 4

3 sections

Question 5

What is section 1 for in the DSM-5?

Answer 5

Outlining changes since last version was published

Question 6

What is section 2 for in the DSM-5?

Answer 6

Categories of disorders

e.g. anxiety disorders, mood disorders

Give symptoms, time, prevalence, prognosis of the phobia

Question 7

What is section 3 for in the DSM-5?

Answer 7

Possible new disorders for next edition

Question 8

What does reliability mean in terms of diagnosis?

Answer 8

The degree to which two or more psychiatrists agree on a diagnosis for the same symptoms

Question 9

What does validity mean in terms of diagnosis?

Answer 9

Whether the diagnosis is correct

Check this with whether treatment works

Question 10

What is the supporting evidence/strengths of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 10

Stinchfield et al (2015)

Kupfer (2013)

Continuously reviewed

Field trials

Cross-cultural differences

Question 11

What is the refuting evidence/weaknesses of the DSM-5 in diagnosis disorders?

Answer 11

Cooper (2014)

Reliability

Validity

Cultural issues

Psychiatric drug industry

Question 12

Why is Stinchfield et al (2015) supporting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 12

Stinchfield compared DSM-5 with DSM-IV as tools for diagnosing gambling disorder

Results showed significantly higher internal consistency in diagnosis when using DSM-5

Question 13

Why is Kupfer (2013) supporting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 13

Kupfer claims that clinicians using DSM-5 are required to obtain information from many different sources including the patients family history, their symptoms and how treatments affect them

Therefore increasing convergent validity

Question 14

Why is continuous review a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 14

DSM has been continuously reviewed and updated since its creation in 1952

Meaning that it has evolved to reflect changes and current trends in mental disorders

e.g. inclusion of hoarding as a disorder in DSM-5

Question 15

Why is field trials a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 15

DSM-5 underwent field trials before publication

Included test-retest reliability where different clinicians independently evaluated the same patient using the criteria in section 2

Question 16

Why is cross cultural differences a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 16

DSM-5 now included culture bound syndromes and recognises that some disorders are more likely to occur in specific cultures

The manual has updated its criteria to reflect cross-cultural differences in symptoms and more information about cultural concepts of distress

Question 17

Why is Cooper (2014) refuting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 17

Cooper found that a diagnosis of Sz had a reliability estimate of 0.46 using the DSM-5 compared to 0.81 using the DSM-III trial showing significant reduction in the reliability of the manual

Question 18

Why is reliability a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 18

Research has found that the clinicians experience and style of interviewing when using the DSM-5 can significantly lower agreement rates between different clinicians assessing the same patient symptoms

This is particularly evident when a shorter period of time is spent on the clinical interview

Question 19

Why is validity a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 19

The BPS has expressed concern about DSM-5 which requires social norms to be considered when making a diagnosis leaving the process open to some degree of subjectivity with regard to the clinicians judgements

Question 20

Why is cultural issues a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 20

The DSM-5 has been criticised for being developed by a workforce consisting predominantly of male, westernised practitioners from similar cultural backgrounds

Question 21

Why is psychiatric drug industry a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?

Answer 21

The psychiatric drug industry unduly influenced the manuals content

Around 68% of DSM-5 development members had ties to pharmaceutical companies