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First Year > Water, Acids, Bases and Buffering > Flashcards

Water, Acids, Bases and Buffering Flashcards

1
Q

Does adipose tissue contain little water?

A

Yes; obese individuals have less body water

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2
Q

What does water content depend on?

A

Age, gender, and fat distribution

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3
Q

What is the constant of body water?

A

60% of our weight

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4
Q

How much water is intracellular?

A

25L of 40L so about 60%

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5
Q

How much water is extracellular?

A

15L

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6
Q

How will water move?

A

From low to high; moves from diluted to more concentrated

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7
Q

Of the extracellular fluid how much is between the cells and in the plasma

A

10L between the cells and 5L in blood plasma

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8
Q

What is polarity?

A

A polar molecule is usually formed when the one end of the molecule is said to possess more number of positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges, creating an electrical pole; UNEQUAL SHARING

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9
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

the power of an atom of an element to attract electrons toward itself when it is part of a compound

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10
Q

What is a non-polar molecule?

A

A molecule which does not have the charges present at the end due to the reason that electrons are finely distributed and those which symmetrically cancel out each other are the non- polar molecules. In a solution, a polar molecule cannot be mixed with the non-polar molecule.

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11
Q

C and H’s will always be

A

non polar

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12
Q

Can water be dissolved?

A

yes

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13
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

a weak noncovalent interaction between hydrogen of one molecule and more electronegative atom of an acceptor molecule

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14
Q

Are hydrogen bonds additive?

A

Yes; they are weak but additive so they are strong overall

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15
Q

What allows polar molecules to dissolve?

A

the polarity of water

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16
Q

Why are hydrogen bonds weak and constantly breaking?

A

in order for solutes to move in solution and water can move through pores in cell membranes

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17
Q

What are electrolyte anions?

A

Cl-, HCO3-, PO42-)

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18
Q

What are electrolyte cations?

A

K+, Na+

19
Q

What is the ratio between potassium and sodium?

A

more potassium inside the cell and more sodium outside the cell

20
Q

What is osmolality?

A

concentration of all dissolved solutes in the blood (electrolytes, proteins etc)

21
Q

What may occur if water is not where it is supposed to be?

A

Edema may occur if water is where it is not supposed to be; alcohol abuse or damage to the liver the liver cells are not able to make that albumin, the fluid is now being pushed out but no push to bring it back in

22
Q

Arterial End=

A

more pressure

23
Q

Venous end=

A

very little

24
Q

What is pH?

A

the measure of acidity or alkanitity of a solution

25
Q

What is the pH of the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

26
Q

What is the pH of the cells?

A

approx 7.1 (between 6.9 and 7.4)

27
Q

A higher hydrogen concentration infers what?

A

lower pH (more acidic)

28
Q

A lower hydrogen concentration infers what?

A

higher pH (alkadosis)

29
Q

What is the ratio for pH and folds?

A

for every 1 pH unit there is a 10 fold difference; a pH difference from 7.3-7.0 is not significant

30
Q

When does pH get intense?

A

under 7.35= acidemia; past 6.8 means death (acidotic)

Over 7.45= alkalemia; past 8 means death (alkalosis)

31
Q

What is an acid?

A

an acid is a substance that can release hydrogen ions; donates

32
Q

What is a base?

A

a substance that can accept hydrogen ions; accepts

33
Q

Do strong acids completely dissociate?

A

yes; dissociate completely into hydrogen ions

34
Q

Do weak acids completely dissociate?

A

only to a limited extent

35
Q

What do weak acids form??

A

an acid and conjugate base(buffer)

36
Q

What is a buffer?

A

a weak acid and conjugate base; its function is to mop up H’s and add H’s to correct any. imbalances

37
Q

What is the tendency to dissociate defined by?

A

Ka; tells us how strong the acid is and the tendency to dissociate; larger Ka= greater tendency to dissociate

38
Q

When does the buffer work best?

A

when pH=pKa, 50% of the acid is dissociated and 50% conjugate base pair

39
Q

What does a lower number of pKa mean?

A

stronger the acid

40
Q

What 2 organ systems maintain pH homeostasis?

A

Lungs and Kidneys

41
Q

What do the lungs do?

A

regulate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and respond quickly to pH changes

42
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

maintain the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood; takes longers

43
Q

What helps if there is a respiratory cause of pH imbalance?

A

kidneys try to correct

44
Q

What helps if there is a metabolic cause of pH?

A

respiratory tries to correct

First Year (18 decks)

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