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First Year > Shock Module > Flashcards

Shock Module Flashcards

1
Q

When does shock occur?

A

When the CV system fails to serve the body’s needs

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2
Q

What does shock result in?

A

Impairment of cellular metabolism and tissue function

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3
Q

What is the common characteristic of all types of shock?

A

Decreased oxygen delivery or increased tissue demand for oxygen

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4
Q

What determines O2 delivery? (5)

A
  • BP
  • SVR
  • CO
  • SV
  • O2 content
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5
Q

BP =

A

CO X SVR

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6
Q

SVR=

A

(Viscosity x length)/radius^4

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7
Q

CO

A

SV XHR

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8
Q

SV =

A

preload, afterload, contractility

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9
Q

O2 content =

A

partial pressure of oxygen, [hemoglobin]

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10
Q

What helps move oxygen from air to blood to tissues?

A

differences in partial pressure

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11
Q

What increases O2 demand? (5)

A
  • increased BMR
  • infection/fever
  • increased work of organs
  • agitation or pain
  • increased workload of heart
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12
Q

Impaired O2 delivery will result in ___

A

shift from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration

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13
Q

What are the 4 different stages of response to shock?

A
  • initial stage
  • compensatory stage
  • progressive stage
  • refractory stage
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14
Q

What does the initial stage of shock entail?

A

cellular alterations as a result of decreased O2 delivery and utilization (no clinical symptoms are evident except for elevated lactate levels

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15
Q

What does the compensatory stage of shock entail?

A

neural, hormonal, chemical responses designed to improve tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery

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16
Q

What does the progressive stage of shock entail?

A

reached if compensatory mechanisms are unsuccessful in providing perfusion; multiple organs may shut down

17
Q

What does the refractory stage of shock entail?

A

reached if medial interventions are unsuccessful; organ damage is extensive, permanent damage to pericardium, death is inevitable

18
Q

What are the neural responses in the compensatory stage of shock?

A
  • baroreceptors sense the decreased BP
  • increased sympathetic output increased PVR, HR, CO, BP
  • reduced blood flow to kidneys, GI, skin
19
Q

What are the hormonal responses in the compensatory stage of shock?

A
  • adrenal medulla releases catecholamines
  • posterior pituitary releases ADH
  • reduced blood flow to kidneys results in the activation of RAAS
20
Q

What is the chemical response in the compensatory stage of shock?

A

hypoexmia and acidosis stimulate increase in respiratory depth and rate in effort to imrpove blood oxygenation and to blow off CO2 to correct for the acidosis

21
Q

Hypovolemic shock disrupts homeostasis by ___

A

reducing BV and BP

22
Q

What are types of cardiogenic shock?

A
  • MI
  • arrhythmias
  • cardiomyopathy
  • valve problems
  • problems in ventricular flow/filling
23
Q

What causes cardiogenic shock?

A

Reduced SV/HR

24
Q

T or F: skin feels cool or cold in cardiogenic shock

A

TRUE

25
Q

What are types o obstructive shock?

A
  • pulmonary embolism
  • pericardial effusion (tamponade)
  • tension pneumo-thorax
26
Q

What causes obstructive shock?

A

Impaired blood flow

27
Q

T or F: skins appears blue in obstructive shock

A

TRUE

28
Q

What are types of hypovolemic shock?

A
  • bleeding

- dehydration

29
Q

What causes hypovolemic shock?

A

REDUCEED PRELOAD

30
Q

T or F: peripheral pulses are palpable in hypovolemic shock

A

FALSE

31
Q

What are types of distributive shock?

A
  • sepsis
  • anaphylaxis
  • acute spinal cord injury
  • venoms
  • overactive thyroid
32
Q

What causes distributive

A

Low SVR

33
Q

T or F: skin appears pink/flushed and warm in distributive shock

A

TRUE

34
Q

Clinical changes in which vital organs serve to identify the presence of shock?

A

Brain, heart, kidneys

35
Q

What is the mortality rate of septic shock?

A

24-35%

36
Q

What is the mortality rate of cardiogenic shock?

A

35-56%

First Year (18 decks)

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