Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular Disorders

A

Problems with vessel wall
Inherited: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Elhers-Danlos syndrome
Aquired: scurvy, steroids, senile

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2
Q

Platelet Disorders

A

Thrombocytopenia - treated with steroids/IV immunoglobulins, thromboietin agonists, immunosuppresion or splenectomy

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3
Q

Tests of Coagulation Disorders

A

APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time - assesses intrinsic pathway
PT: prothrombin time - assesses extrinsic pathway
TT: thrombin time - assesses terminal common pathway
Fibrinogen level/Clotting factor assays/D-dimers

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4
Q

Haemophilia A

A

A - factor VIII deficiency, B - factor IX deficiency
Spontaneous bleeding
Prolonged APTT, normal PT, low VIII/IX levels
Treatment: infusions of factor

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5
Q

Coagulation Disorders - acquired

A

Liver disease: deficient synthesis of clotting proteins and impaired platelet function & fibrinolysis
Vitamin K deficiency
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): release of pro-coagulant material into circulation - results in consumption of clotting factors, causing bleeding & thombolysis

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6
Q

Anti-coagulant drugs

A

Iatrogenic - o/d of anticoagulant drugs
types of anti-coagulant: heparin (for MIs, PEs, DVTs), warfarin (for PEs, DVTs, AF), DOACs (direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors)

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7
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Required for gamma carboxylation of factors II, XII, iX, X
Inhibited by warfarin
Deficiency due to malabsorption, biliary obstruction and haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

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8
Q

von Willebrand Disease

A

autosomal dominant
vWF = large multimeric protein that carries factor VIII in blood
vWF binds platelets to endothelial collagen
vWD = deficiency of vWF and factor VIII in plasma
Testing: prolonged APTT, normal PT, low vWF from Weibel-Palade storage bodies

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9
Q

Meningococcal DIC

A

Prolonged PT, APTT, TT
Low fibrinogen and low platelets
raised D-dimers or FDPs
causes: cancer, sepsis, obstetric disasters

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