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Bio 189 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

The electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to one atom than another

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2
Q

Polar molecule

A

Overall charge is unevenly distributed

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3
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Partially positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to a partially negative of a nearby molecule

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4
Q

Four emergent properties of water

A

Cohesive behavior
Ability to moderate temperature
Expansion upon freezing
Versatility as a solvent

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5
Q

Cohesion

A

Water attracted to water

Like molecule sticking to eachother

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6
Q

Surface tension

A

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break surface of a liquid

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7
Q

Adhesion

A

Water attracted to other substances

Substances attracted to other substances

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8
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Anything that move

The energy of motion

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9
Q

Thermal energy

A

Reflects total kinetic energy and depends on the Matters volume vs temp reflects average

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10
Q

Temperature

A

The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter regardless of volume

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11
Q

Heat

A

Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

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12
Q

Calorie

A

The energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree c

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13
Q

Kilocalorie

A

1,000 cal. Quantity of heat required to raise the temp of 1 kilogram of water by 1 c

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14
Q

Joule

A

One joule equals 0.239 cal

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15
Q

Specific heat

A

as the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1 c

how well a substance resists changing its temp when it absorbs or releases heat

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16
Q

Vaporization or evaporation

A

Transformation from liquid to gas

Molecules moving fast enough to overcome attractions to each other

17
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gas state

18
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

As liquid evaportates the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down

This happens because the hottest molecules. the ones with the most kinetic energy leave as a gas

19
Q

Solution

A

A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.

Homogeneous - consisting of parts all of the same kind.

20
Q

Solvent

A

The dissolving agent of the solution

21
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved

22
Q

aqueous solution

A

solute is dissolved in water and water is the solvent

23
Q

Hydration shell

A

The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

24
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

25
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Repel water

Substances that are nonionic and non polar and therefore do not form hyrdogen bonds

26
Q

molecular mass

A

Sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule

27
Q

Mole

A

exact number of objects aka AVOGADROS NUMBER

28
Q

Molarity

A

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution

29
Q

Hydrogen ion (H+)

A

A single proton with a charge of 1+

30
Q

Hydroxide ion (OH-)

A

A water molecule that lost a proton which has a charge of 1-

31
Q

Hydronium ion (H3O+)

A

Water molecule with 3rd hydrogen proton

32
Q

Acid

A

Substances that increases the hydrogen ion concetration of a solution

33
Q

In an aqueous solution at 25c the product of H+ and OH - is at what constant concentration?

A

[H+] [OH-] = 10^14

34
Q

What PH value denotes an acidic solution?

A

7 or less

35
Q

What PH value denotes a basic solution?

A

7 or higher

36
Q

How much of a difference does 1 ph unit represent?

A

10 fold

Example 10 to the number of ph difference power

10^4 if 4 levels difference (10x10x10x10)

37
Q

What is the internal PH of most living cells?

A

Close to 7

38
Q

Buffer

A

Is a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

39
Q

Ocean acidification

A

Alters the delicate balance of the conditions for life in the oceans

Bio 189 (22 decks)

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