Chapter 5 Proteins

Question 1

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 1

Speed up chemical reactions
Defense 
Storage
Transport
Cellular communication, movement or structural support

Question 2

Catalysts

Answer 2

Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction

Question 3

How are all proteins structured?

Answer 3

By the same 20 amino acids linked in unbranded polymer

Question 4

What is the bond between amino acids called?

Answer 4

Peptide bond

Question 5

Polypeptide

Answer 5

Polymer of amino acids

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

Biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides

Question 7

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 7

Amino acid

Question 8

What is an amino acid structure?

4 groups

Answer 8

Molecule with both amino group and carboxyl group.

At the center is a carbon atom called alpha carbon and then a variable group written as R

Question 9

R group is also called?

Answer 9

Side chain

Question 10

The R group on an amino acids determines?

Answer 10

The unique characteristics of a particular amino acid affecting it’s functional role

Question 11

How are amino acids usually grouped?

Answer 11

By the properties of their side chains

Question 12

What are the 3 classifications of side chains?

Answer 12

Non polar; hydrophobic
Polar; hydrophilic
Electrically charged; hydrophilic

Question 13

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 13

When the carboxyl group of one amino acid is next to the amino group of another amino acid a dehydration reaction can form them together

Repeated over and over forms a polypeptide

Question 14

Peptide backbone

Answer 14

Repeating sequence of atoms. The main chain

Question 15

A functional protein is not just a polypeptide chain but

Answer 15

One or more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded and chilled into a molecule of unique shape

Question 16

In almost every case the function of a protein depends on its ability to

Answer 16

Recognize and bind to some other molecule

Question 17

What are the 4 levels of structure for a protein?

Answer 17

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary - arises when protein consists of 2 or more polypeptide chains

Question 18

The primary structure of a protein is

Answer 18

It’s sequence of amino acids

Question 19

The secondary structure of a protein

Answer 19

Has parts of their polypeptide chain coiled or folded as a result of hydrogen bonds

Question 20

Tertiary structure

Answer 20

3D shape stabilized by interactions between side chains

Question 21

Quaternary structure

Answer 21

Association of 2 or more polypeptides

Question 22

Denaturation

Answer 22

Protein looses its shape and unravels

Becomes biologically inactive