Lifestyle Factors and CVD Flashcards
CVD Risk Factors
Physical: age, sex, history, genes
Psychological: health behaviours, stress, depression
Metabolic Syndrome: overweight & abdominal fat distribution, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia
Job Strain
Type A personality
Diet
Not eating 5 a day
1.7x more likely to die early from CVD, 1.4x –> stroke
Top 20% total fat = 1.3x to develop CVD (1.5x if top 20% saturated fat)
Secondary Infection: lower death rates/risk of cardiac events
Exercise
Those below activity threshold
1.3x more likely to die early from CVD, 1.3x from stroke
Secondary prevention: reduce all cause mortality, CV mortality & non-fatal cardiac events
Smoking
1.9x more likely to die early form CVD - 1.7x from stroke
Secondary Infection: quitters had 36% lower risk of premature death and 32% –> MI
Demographic & Psychological Factors
Lower social classes have greater CVD risk
20% lowest income have 2.7x risk of CVD death, 4.3x risk of acute MI
What people think caused their heart attack
Stress: 35% Smoking: 27% Hereditary: 16% Overweight: 10% Hyperlipidaemia: 8%
Stress Response
Physical, behavioural, emotional, cognitive
Approach or Avoiding
Acute stress triggers ischaemia in patients with CHD
Accumulation of Lifestyle Risk
Chronic Risk: standard - age, sex, family history, smoking, cholesterol. psychosocial - hostility, depression, low support, chronic stress
Acute Risk: stress/anger, acute exercise, CV reactivity
CHD impacts
Emotional: depression (30%), anxiety (40%), PTSD (15%).
Depression - 2-3x more common after MI; independent predictor of premature death; associated with poor adherence to meds;