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Lottie's Question Books > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tx for PE?

A 
Subcut LMWH (dalteparin) 
Warfarin loading
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2
Q

What is the ideal INR for PE Tx?

A

2-3

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3
Q

How long will a pt have to take warfarin for post PE?

A

3 months

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4
Q

Define pancoast tumour

A

Tumour arising from lung apex - either R or L

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5
Q

List Sx of pancoast tumours

A

Voice hoarseness

Horners syndrome - miosis, ptsois, anhydrosis

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6
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology

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7
Q

Who does sarcoidosis primarily affect?

A

Afro Caribeans

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8
Q

List PC of sarcoidosis

A

20-40% ASYMPTOMATIC
Erythema nodosum, polyarthralgia
Dry cough, SoB, chest pain

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9
Q

What are erythema nodosum?

A

Painful, red, raised lesions on shins

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10
Q

What are CXR changes of sarcoidosis?

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Pulmonary infiltrates or fibrosis

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11
Q

List non pulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis

A 
Lymphadenopathy 
Hepatomegaly 
SPlenomegaly 
Uveitis 
Conjunctivitis 
Lacrimal & parotid enlargement
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12
Q

What blood tests indicate sarcoidosis?

A

Raised ESR
Lymphopenia
Deranged LFTs
Raised ACE / Igs

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13
Q

What does biopsy of sarcoidosis show?

A

Non caseating granulomas

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14
Q

What is Tx of sarcoidosis?

A

Bed rest, NSAIDs, +/- steroids

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15
Q

Dyspnoea, fatigue.

O/E cyanosis, tachycardia, raised JVP, RV heave. Dx?

A

Cor pulmonale

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16
Q

What murmur is heard in cor pulmonale?

A

Graham Steel - early diastolic

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17
Q

List categories for causes of cor pulmonale

A 
Lung
Pulm vascular
Thoracic cage
NMD
Hypoventiliation
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18
Q

List lung causes of cor pulmonale

A

asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, fibrosis, lung resection

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19
Q

List pulm BV causes of cor pulmonale

A

PE, vasculitis, HTN, ARDS, sickle cell

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20
Q

List thoracic cage causes of cor pulmonale

A

kyphosis, scoliosis

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21
Q

List NMD causes of cor pulmonale

A

MG, poliomyelitis, MND

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22
Q

List hypoventilation causes of cor pulmonale

A

sleep apnoea, big adenoids (kids)

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23
Q

Bilateral reticulo-nodular shadwoing on CXR. Dx?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

24
Q

Why can peripheral pulses be weaker on inspiration in a patient having an acute asthma attack?

A

Decreased left atrial filling

- this is due to reduced pulmonary venous return to LA due to airway narrowing

25
Q

What is main ABx Tx for pt with CAP?

A

Amoxicillin

26
Q

What is an empyema?

A

Pus in pleural space

27
Q

To whom to empyemas happen?

A

Pts recovering from pneumonia

28
Q

Is protein high or low in empyema?

A

High - exudate

29
Q

What would pleural fluid with a low pH indicate?

A 
Pleural infections 
Empyema 
TB
Cancer 
Oesophageal rupture
30
Q

Is CF dominant or recessive?

A

Recessive

31
Q

What is the defect in CF?

A

XS chloride excretion and Na absoprtion

32
Q

What is a diagnostic result in sweat test for CF?

A

> 60mmol/L NaCl

33
Q

What 3 organisms are most likely to cause LRTI (pneumonia) in pts with CF?

A

Staoh aureus
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa

34
Q

Which lung cancer is associated with asbestos exposure?

A

Mesothelioma

35
Q

What drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis if used long term?

A

Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Methotrexate
Sulfasalazine

36
Q

List 4 jobs that can cause EAA

A

Mushroom picker
Bird keeper
Farmer (from mouldy hay)
Malt worker (from mouldy barley)

37
Q

List Sx of EAA

A

Fever, rigors, dry cough, dyspnoea

38
Q

Which jobs can cause infection with Legionella pneumophillia?

A

Plumber
Aircon worker
(Anything where water is stored in tanks <60 degrees)

39
Q

What is Tx for aspergilliosus?

A

Amphotericin B (antifungal NOT ABx)

40
Q

Pt has acute exacerbation of COPD. O2 and CXR ordered. Next best Ix?

A

ABG - so that O2 and CO2 levels can be assessed

41
Q

Pt has lung cancer with hyponatraemia, haemoptysis. What kind of cancer is it likely to be?

A

Small cell carcinoma - ectopic ADH production

42
Q

Numerically define mild COPD

A

FEV1 >80% predicted

43
Q

Numerically define moderate COPD

A

FEV1 50-79% predicted

44
Q

Numerically define severe COPD

A

FEV1 30-49% predicted

45
Q

Numerically define very severe COPD

A

FEV1 <30% predicted OR FEV1 <50% + resp failure

46
Q

Describe NICE COPD Mx

A 
1st = SABA or SAMA
2nd = LABA or LAMA 
3rd = + ICS
47
Q

Which asthma medication can lead to hypokalaemia?

A

Salbutamol

48
Q

Pt with haemoptysis has acid fast bacilli on film. Dx?

A

TB

49
Q

Where in the lungs is TB found?

A

Apex - more aerobic here

50
Q

Outline Mx of TB

A 
1st = TWO MONTHS of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide 
2nd = FOUR MONTHS of isoniazid and rifampicin
51
Q

Which TB drug can cause peripheral neuropathy?

A

Isoniazid

52
Q

Why does isoniazid cause peripheral neuropathy?

A

Depletes vit B6

53
Q

List 2 cardinal features of ARDS

A

Increased capillary permeability

Non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

54
Q

List the 4 diagnostic criteria of ARDS

A

Acute onset
Bilateral infiltrates on CXR
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <19mmHg OR no clinical features of heart failure
Refractory hypoxaemia with PaO2:FiO2 <200

55
Q

Patient has aspiration pneumonia. Which ABx are used in Mx?

A

IV cefuroxime & metronidazole

Lottie's Question Books (15 decks)

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