Chapter 4 Exercise Metabolism & Bioenergetics

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

The study of engergy in the body.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the chemical reatctions that occur in the body to maintain itself Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and diposed of by the body

Question 3

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiological changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 4

Substrates

Answer 4

The material or substance on which and enzyme acts.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Organic compunds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which includes starches, cellulose and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein; it serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When energy is needed glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cell.

Question 8

Fat

Answer 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep skin healthy. Fats also serve as energy stores for the body. In foods there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

The chemical, or substrate form in which most fats exist in food as well as in the body.

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 11

Glugoneogenisis

Answer 11

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 12

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP

Answer 12

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 13

Adenosine Diphosphate

ADP

Answer 13

A high energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed.

Question 14

B-Oxidation

Answer 14

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits, called free fatty acids,(FFA’s) to convert FFA’s into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 15

Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption

EPOC

Answer 15

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Question 16

Pathways to ATP

ATP-PC

Answer 16

Adenosine Triphosphate Phosphocreatine. The energy system responsible for providing near instant ATP at the onset of any activity. Produces a fewer number of ATP than other systems, and is depleted after the first 10-15 of high intensity workouts. 1 ATP per phosphocreatine molecule.

Question 17

Pathways To ATP

Glycolysis

Answer 17

Both anaerobic and aerobic. Carbohydrates are broken down into ATP and then into pyruvic acid or lactic acid, depending on the presence of oxygen. The anaerobic form is the second most preferred pathway to ATP. Slower to start but lasts a bit longer than ATP-PC. Without oxygen lactic acid is produced

Question 18

Pathways to ATP

Oxidative System

Answer 18

The most efficient system, but the slowest to get going in more intense exercises. Fuels the majority of daily activity.