Chapter 2 – Basic Exercise Science

Question 1

Human Movement System is comprised of what three major components, to create movement in the body?

Answer 1

1) Nervous System
2) Skeletal System
3) Muscular System

Also known as the Kinetic Chain

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

The functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons sense internal and external environments, collects and interprets the information, and then sends the information to different areas of the body

Question 3

Nervous System

Answer 3

The communicaton network within the human body.

Question 4

Sensory Function

Answer 4

The ability of the nervouse system to sense changes in the internal and/or external environment.

Question 5

Integrative Function

Answer 5

The Ability of th nervous system to anylize and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response.

Question 6

Motor Function

Answer 6

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information, after interpretation.

Question 7

Proprioception

Answer 7

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system, from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movment.

Question 8

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

Answer 8

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites, such as muscles and organ, via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

Neurons that transmit impulses from one neuron to another.

Question 10

Motor,(efferent) Neurons

Answer 10

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord, to effector sites.

Question 11

Central Nervous System

CNS

Answer 11

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. Responsible for collecting and interpreting data.

Question 12

Peripheral Nervous System

PNS

Answer 12

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body.

Senses the environment and tells the body how to respond, based on signals from the CNS.

Question 13

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 13

Receptors in the body, responsible for sensing distortion in body tissue.

Question 14

Muscle Spindles

Answer 14

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in the length of a muscle, and the rate of the change.

Question 15

Golgi Tendon Organ

Answer 15

Mechanoreceptors responsible for sensing change in tension of a muscle, and the rate of that change.

Question 16

Joint Receptors

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptors surround a joint, that respond to pressure, acceleraton, and deceleration of the joint.

Question 17

Skeletal System

Answer 17

The body’s framework, consisting of bones and joints.

Question 18

Bones

Answer 18

Structures that provide a resting ground from muscles, and protect vital organs

Question 19

Joints

Answer 19

Junctions of bones and connective tissues, where muscles cause movment to occur.

Question 20

Axial Skeleton

Answer 20

Portion of the skeleton that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

Question 21

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 21

Portion of the skeleton that consists of upper and lower extremities.

Question 22

Remodeling

Answer 22

The process of resorption, and formation of bone.

Question 23

Osteoclasts

Answer 23

A type of bones cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)

Question 24

Osteoblasts

Answer 24

Type of cell responsible for bone formation.

Question 25

Epiphysis

Answer 25

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production;one of the primary sites for bone growth.

Question 26

Diaphysis

Answer 26

The shaft portion of a long bone

Question 27

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 27

The region of a long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate.

Question 28

Periosteum

Answer 28

A dense membrane composed of fibrous tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints.

Question 29

Medullar Cavity

Answer 29

The central cavity of bone shafts where the marrow is stored.

Question 30

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 30

Cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones.

Question 33

Depressions

Answer 33

Flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 34

Processes

Answer 34

Projections protruding from the bone where muscle, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Question 35

Vertebral Column

Answer 35

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Question 36

Arthrokinematics

Answer 36

Joint Motion

Question 38

Synovial Joints

Answer 38

Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments; most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints

Question 39

Non-Synovial Joints

Answer 39

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage

Question 40

Types of Synovial Joint

Answer 40

Gliding-Carpals

Conyloid

Hinge

Saddle

Pivot

Ball-Socket