Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillins
Amoxicillin: moderate spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta lactam antibiotic; route IV/oral; use CAP (typical)/COPD exacerbations/bronchitis; active against gram negative and gram positive bacteria
Co-amoxiclav: amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by beta lactamase - producing bacteria so can be combined with clavulanic acid (a beta lactamase inhibitor)
Tetracyclines (doxycycline)
Tetracycline inhibits protein systhesis
Broad spectrum action gram positive and negative
Useful for atypical infections (mycoplasma legionella)
Oral route only
Side effects - GI upset/staining teeth/lupus/allergy/photosensitivity
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
Mechanism of Action: DNA fragmentation
Gram positive and negative coverage (and pseudomonas)
Route: IV/oral/inhaled (CF)
Side effects: GI upset, C difficile, tendonitis, liver upset, prolonged QTc and arrhythmia
Macrolides
Erythromycin, clarithromycin
Commonly used in resp infection (atypical pneumonia)
Mechanism of action: protein synthesis inhibitors
Route: IV/PO
Gram positive/limited gram negative cover
Side effects: GI, allergy, liver abnormality, prolonged QTc and interactions