Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AmmoTech > 2.1.4 > Flashcards

2.1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the types of natural fibres which may be used with ammunition and explosives?

A

Cellulose
Silk
Wool
Rubber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 main types of plastics used with ammunition? And what is the main difference between them?

A

Thermoplastic
-Can be reheated and reshaped

Thermosetting Plastics
- incapable of being again being softened by heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Engineering Plastics?

A

Higher tolerance than normal plastics

Most are fibrous reinforced which improves their performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of Paints and Varnishes?

A

Copal Varnish

Shellac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Considerations for Adhesives, Cements and Lutings(glues) ?

A 
Must not react to explosives
Must have strength and be water-resistant
Permanent
  - Adhesives or cement
Temporary
  - Luting(soft setting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is used for non-permanent seals?

A

Luting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Non-metallic materials are used with ammunition?

A 
Natural fibres
Rubbers
Plastics
Paint & varnishes
Adhesives, cement, luting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paints and Varnishes

A

Must not react with explosives
Varnishes based on bitumen
Developed for coating iron and steel surfaces
of HE stores
Cementing in cardboard closure caps
Slow drying and all excess must be removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 main types of metal

defects?

A

Mechanical
Cracking due to stress

Chemical
Corrosion due to impurities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 3 types of corrosion?

A 
Rust (Ferrous Oxide)
Aluminium Oxidation
Mazak Contamination
Cupric Azide
Zinc Exudation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you remove corrosion from cart

cases?

A

Use of white spirit or light grade emery paper

If the corrosion is severe sentence ammo according to inspection pam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Cuprous Azide Contamination?

A
  • Occurs in copper detonators
  • Lead Azide reacts in moisture to produce Hydrazoic Acid,
  • combines with copper
  • Copper (ii) Azide is a sensitive explosive

Can occur in copper detonators containing Lead Azide which when exposed to moisture liberate small amounts of Hydrazoic acid vapour which attacks the copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the DEFINITION of Corrosion?

A

CONVERSION of a metal to a non-metallic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are stresses most likely to be
formed in metal & what can aggravate
them?

A
  • formed during manufacture

- further aggravated by the environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Season Cracking?

A

Stressed areas of metal cracking

due to the affect of ammonia forming Cuprammonium during storage in either hot or cold temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of Corrosion?

A

Rust (ferrous oxide)
Aluminium Oxidation
Cupric Azide Contamination
Zinc Exudation “free copper”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Process for Inspection, Sentencing and Repair?

A

Cleaning (scouring / scrubbing)
Post Cleaning (acetone, paint)
Inspection (serviceability)
Sentencing (if unserviceable)
Reporting (details of corrosion or other defects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

METALLURGY

A

The process of producing metals by extracting
them from their base ores
•
Refining and purifying these metals
•
The study of the physical and chemical
properties of these metals
•
The mechanical working of these metals
The formation of alloys of these metals
•
Enhancing the desirable properties of these metals
and alloys to suit a particular application
•
The study of the relationship between the properties of
the structure and the use of metals and alloys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define ANODISE

A
  • An electrolytic passivation process
  • used to increase the thickness of thenatural oxide layer on the surface of metal
    parts
  • increases corrosion resistance
    and wear resistance, and provides better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define BRASS

xx

A
  • Yellow alloy of COPPER and ZINC
  • malleable and ductile and harder and stronger than copper
  • Relatively low melting point
  • Not magnetic
  • Susceptible to seasonal cracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define BRONZE

A
  • Alloy of Copper and Tin

- malleable and ductile and harder and stronger than copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define COPPER

A
  • malleable and ductile

- one of the best conductors of HEAT and ELECTRICITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Copper used in Ammunition for?

A 
Driving Bands

Detonators

Shaped charge liners

Cartridge Cases

SAA jackets (gilding Metal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define CREEP

A

A permanent change to the dimensions of a metal due to continuous stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define DUCTILE

A

The ability of a metal to be DRAWN OUT in to an elongated form
without affecting the structure of the metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define ORE

A
  • A native or natural mineral that can be mined
  • Treated for the extraction of any it
    constituents.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define Malleability

A

The ability of a metal to be shaped using
forces
without breaking the structure of the metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Metalloid

A

Element having some properties characteristic of metal, others of non metals.

eg Arsenic, antimony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define ALLOYS

A

Alloys are metallic substances that contain more

than one chemical element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Difference between Ferrous and non-ferrous

A

Ferrous - contains Iron

Non-ferrous - doesn’t contain Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define Steel

A

Iron and Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define LUSTRE

A

This a measurement of the ability of the surface of a metal

to reflect light. The reflected light is affected by surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define HARDNESS

A

The measure of a metal’s ability to resist

deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Property of DENSITY

A

It is generally considered that the strength to weight ratio is more important in selecting the right metal for a particular application than purely weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Define LUSTRE

A

This a measurement the ability of a surface of a metal

to reflect light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CO-EFFICIENT of EXPANSION

A

This is the measurement of the amount a metal expands at a given temperature

(eg. brass expands and contracts quickly with changes of temp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the four main types of filling HE

Shell?

A 
Casting

Pressing

Extruding

Preforming/Cocooning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of Hot/Melt

filling?

A 
Shrinkage

Dusting

Cracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What compounds are used for the coating of

the internal Shell walls?

A 
Shellac

Varnish

Lacquer

Bitumen

Resin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the 3 methods of CASTING explosive

fillings?

A 
Straight Pour

Creamed

Liquid and Biscuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the 3 methods of CASTING explosive

fillings?

A

“pour cream into the biscuit”

Straight Pour

Creamed

Liquid and Biscuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Purpose of Tracers

A

Emit light

May be used as a Self Destruct (SD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Principle requirements of tracer

composition are:

A 
Luminosity
.
Strength
.
Consistency of Performance
.
Ease of Ignition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Name and describe two means of ignition

for tracer.

A

Direct Ignition
. A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition.

Propellant Ignition
. Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Name and describe two Means of Ignition

for tracer.

A

Direct Ignition
. A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition.

Propellant Ignition
. Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.

46
Q

Name and describe two Means of Ignition

for tracer.

A

Direct Ignition
. A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition.

Propellant Ignition
. Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.

47
Q

Classification of Tracers

A

Tracer projectile
. separate components

Tracer and Igniter Projectile
. includes a Self-destruct (SD)

Integral Tracer
Integral part of the main projectile

48
Q

Types of Primers

A

Percussion

Electric

49
Q

Design features of Primers

A

Produce sufficient Flash IOT Ignite

Pass flash evenly

Be self obturating

Protect the gunpowder and propellant from moisture

Flush fitted

50
Q

Primer Components

A 
Body
Cap
Anvil
Plug
Magazine
51
Q

Percussion Primer Components

A 
Body
Cap
Anvil
Plug
Magazine
52
Q

Name the type of Obturating Systems on Primers

A

External

Internal
Employing some form of stopper in the body,
which on the ignition of the Magazine effectively
plugs any attempt by the gases to escape
rearwards
- Ball Seal
- Cone/plug seal

53
Q

Percussion Cap - Action on Firing

A

Striker/Firing Pin strikes the Cap

Crushes the initiating composition against the anvil

Flash passes through the Firing Channels in the anvil & plug to
the Gunpowder in the Magazine

Magazine Fires, Primer Body Expands against the Cart Case,
thereby ensuring external obturation

Ball or Cone is forced back into the fire channels internal
Obturation

54
Q

What are the Components of a Conducting Cap

A

Base
Pole unit
Cap
Magazine

55
Q

What are the components of the Bridge Wire Primer

A

Base
Contact piece
Bridge
Magazine

56
Q

Tubes (primer)

A

Used with separate loading bagged propelling charges (ie. Arty)

57
Q

Projectile Classifications

A

Operational projectiles
-mortar, grenade, bullet

Weapon Functioning / Inspection
- blank, proof, gun functioning, paper shot

Training Projectiles
- Prac, drill, cut-away/instructional, sub-cal

58
Q

Projectile Terms / Types - KE

A 
AP
AP Capped
Windshield
Penetrative Cap
Ballistic Cap
AP Capped Ballistic Cap
APDS
Semi Armour Piercing (SAP)
APFSDS
59
Q

What is the Ogive

A

The shaped part of a normal projectile from the shoulder forward. It is the main radius of the head.

60
Q

Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions

A

To centre projectile in bore and impart spin

To prevent the forward escape of
propellant gases

To assist in prevention of slipback of the
projectile when loaded at high elevations

61
Q

Requirements for a Driving Bnd

A 
No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel

Cater for change in bore diameter (wear)

Remain firmly attached to the projectile

Must not alter the ballistic shape of the
projectile (engraved state)

Cause no excessive friction or bore wear

Simple to make and fit
62
Q

Limitiations to Drive band Positioning

A

Driving band near to the base
Streamline shells (Boatailed)
Fixed Ammo

63
Q

METHODS OF ATTACHMENT for Driving Bands

A

Split Ring

Solid Ring

64
Q

Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions

xx

A

To centre projectile in bore and impart spin

To prevent the forward escape of
propellant gases

To assist in prevention of slipback of the
projectile when loaded at high elevations

65
Q

Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions

Why are Driving Bands Required

xx

A

To centre projectile in bore and impart spin

To prevent the forward escape of
propellant gases

To prevention of slipback of the
projectile when loaded at high elevations

66
Q

Methods to Prevent Twist

xx

A

Wavy Rib

Knurling

67
Q

Types of Driving Bands

A

Orthodox
Modern
Double
Gas Check Type Probert

68
Q

Drive Band Slip Ring - Design description

A

To ensure that the spin imparted by the
weapons barrel does not reach a rate that would
influence the fin stabilisation of a projectile

69
Q

Slip Ring Materials

A

Plastic
Vulcanised Rubber
Polycarbonate

70
Q

Drive Band Slip Ring - Design description

xx

A

To ensure that the spin imparted by the
weapons barrel does not reach a rate that would
influence the fin stabilisation of a projectile

or reduce the effectiveness of a hollow charge

71
Q

Types of Cartridge Systems

A

Breech Loading

Quick Firing

72
Q

How is separate ammunition loaded into a breech loaded gun?

xx

A
  • The projectile and charge bags are loaded into the chamber of the gun
  • The breech is closed to provide obturation
  • The tube or primer is inserted into the breech
73
Q

Breech Loading Adv / Disadv

A

Less stowage problems

74
Q

Quick Firing Systems

A

QF Separate
QF Semi-fixed
QF Fixed

75
Q

Quick Firing Description

A

QF is a system in which the breech is usually
closed by a simple sliding motion resulting in
a higher rate of fire

Rearward obturation is provided by the Cart
Case

Propelling Charge is contained in an
incombustible Cart Case

76
Q

Parts of the QF System

A

Cart case with Primer

Propelling charge (can be charge bags)

Projectile

77
Q

Quick Firing Description

A

QF is a system in which the breech is usually
closed by a simple sliding motion resulting in
a higher rate of fire

Rearward obturation is provided by the Cart
Case (also called ammunition obturation)

Propelling Charge is contained in an
incombustible Cart Case

78
Q

REQUIREMENTS OF CHARGE BAGS

xx

A 
Non smoulder

Non stretch

Non wear

Be insect, vermin and rot proof
79
Q

Breech Loading Components

A

Tubes / primers

Bagged charge

projectile

80
Q

Breech Loading Components

xx

A

Tubes / primers

Bagged charge

projectile

81
Q

Advantages of QF Separate

A 
Less stowage problems due to length

Replace damaged Cart Case

Adjustable charge
82
Q

Types of Loading systems

A

BL - Separate
QF - Separate
- Semi-fixed
- Fixed

83
Q

List the four types of bagged charges

A 
Equal Cylinders

Unequal Cylinders

Stem & Segment

Stem & Ring
84
Q

What are the two design principles of Bagged

Charges?

A

The lowest charge must be stable so
it does not lose its shape
- when loaded alone and cause a misfire or delay in complete ignition

The igniter, which is always fitted over the lowest
charge
-is made of the largest possible diameter.

85
Q

What is the difference between a Combustible and

Consumable cart case?

A

CONSUMABLE. (no bang)
Material that is used up during the
process of the combustion of the propellant. It is
an inert material and does not contribute to the
explosive process.

COMBUSTIBLE. (adds to bang)
Material that is capable of burning
and contains ingredients that contribute
significantly to the production of propellant
gasses.

86
Q

List the 7 charge types.

A 
Normal
Super
Reduced
Fractional
Incremental
Blank Charge
De coppering charge
87
Q

What are the 2 types of Recoilless Ammunition Designs?

xx

A

Perforated CART. case

Solid CART case with a bow out disc

88
Q

What are the 2 types of Recoilless Ammunition Designs?

xx

A

Perforated CART. case

Solid CART case with a bow out disc

89
Q

Explain the method of operation of the solid CART. case with blow out disc?

xx

A 
Propellant charge initiated, 
pressure builds up, 
blow out disc ruptures,
the projectile is propelled forward and
the propellant gases escape through the rear breech hole and out through the venturi.
90
Q

Advantages of RCL Systems

A 
No Recoil

Low Weight

Man Portable

Mounted on Light Vehicles
91
Q

Disadvantages of RCL Systems

xx

A 
Flash / Dust signature (BBDA)

Low Velocity

Large Propelling Charge
92
Q

Explain Rocket Assist Projectile Action

xx

A
  • Rocket cap removed prior to loading
  • On firing propellant gases ignite delay composition – 7 sec delay
  • Delay ignites rocket igniter and main rocket motor propellant
  • Boost phase – 2 secs, Sustain – 7 secs
  • Propellant gases released through venturi
93
Q

Propellant Charges are made of 3 components:

A 
Charge container

Propellant

Initiator
94
Q

The cartridge case must fulfil the following

tasks:

A

Protect the propellant
Provide early obturation by expanding ASAP
Recover to a diameter less than the internal
Withstand unseating and extraction forces
Support the projectile in a fixed round which is

95
Q

Materials used for CART cases

A

Brass
Steel
Aluminium
Plastic

96
Q

Methods of attaching projectiles to CART cases are?

xx

A

Coning
Canneluring
Coning and canneluring

97
Q

What advantages does a combustible CART case offer?

xx

A

Everything loaded into the chamber plays some
part in ballistics

Minimal produce

98
Q

Why use brass?

xx

A

Performs well on most equipment
Metallurgy & techniques are well known
Does not corrode to give hard abrasive particles

99
Q

6 Factors Affecting HE Shell Design?

xx

A 
Target effect
Ballistic performance
Strength to withstand firing stresses
Economy in manufacture
User requirements
Safe handling ,transportation and storage
100
Q

Name forces that act on a projectile (8)

A 
Gas pressure
Acceleration
Setback
Heat
Centrifugal force
Driving band pressures
Side slap         (hoop stress / shear stress)
Drag                 (nose drag, base drag)
101
Q

How is nose and base drag reduced?

A

Nose drag is reduced by head shape (Ogive)

Base drag is reduced by base shape (Boat tail)

102
Q

Manufacture of Shell

xx

A

Normally steel
Cast
Forged
Extruded

103
Q

What is the definition of a carrier projectile?

A

A vessel/vehicle that contains the payload

104
Q

What are the different types of carrier projectiles

A 
Smoke
Illumination
Conventional Anti-Personnel
Sub-munitions
Flare
Incendiary
Radar Echo
Chemical
Proganda
105
Q

What are the methods of operation for carrier projectiles?

A

Bursting
Base Ejection
Nose Ejection
Base Emission

106
Q

Define Exploder System

A

The components used for transmitting the
impulse from the fuze or booster to the HE filling

“A charge in the form of a pressed pellet or filled
container of secondary explosive
designed to amplify the detonation wave produced by a fuze detonator or magazine
to ensure efficient detonation of the main charge.”

107
Q

Supplementary charges contained in metal

provide three main benefits, list them

A 
Ease of removal

Setback movement eliminated

No explosive migration
108
Q

Define the Term “Supplementary Charge”

A

A cylindrical aluminium container,
(filled with either TNT or Comp B)
used to fill the cavity below the fuse in deep cavity projectiles.
Removed when some proximity fuzes are fitted to the projectile

109
Q

Define Exploder

A

“A charge in the form of a pressed pellet or filled
container of secondary explosive
designed to amplify the detonation wave produced by a fuze detonator or magazine
to ensure efficient detonation of the main charge.”

110
Q

Projectile Design

xx

A
  1. Body
  2. Head
  3. Base
  4. Baseplate
  5. Bands
  6. Band Bourrelet
  7. Driving Bands
    8 .Ogive
    (the shaped part of the projectile from the shoulder forward)
    9 .Shoulder
  8. Cavity
  9. Wall
  10. Governing Section
  11. Fuze Hole
  12. Lip

AmmoTech (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions