Lecture 11: Neck

Question 1

the hyoid bone is located between the ____ and the ____

Answer 1

larynx; mandible

Question 2

what is unique about the hyoid bone?

Answer 2

it doesn’t articulate with any other bones

Question 3

when the hyoid moves, the larynx moves in ____ and ____

Answer 3

swallowing; speaking

Question 4

thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 4

connects hyoid to the larynx

Question 5

cricothyroid ligament

Answer 5

connects cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

Question 6

what is the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 6

• subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer

- outermost layer of the neck

Question 7

what are the contents of the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 7

• cutaneous nerves
• blood vessels
• lymph vessels
• fat
• platysma muscle

Question 8

what is the function of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 8

allows neck structures to move independently across each other when swallowing or moving the head

Question 9

what are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 9

• investing layer
• pretracheal layer
• prevertebral layer

Question 10

investing layer

Answer 10

• the most superficial deep fascia layer
• surrounds entire neck
• forms floor of superficial fascia
• walls are continuous with deep fascia of traps, SCM, and nuchal ligaments

Question 11

pretracheal layer

Answer 11

• middle layer of deep cervical fascia

- forms a tube from hyoid to thoracic inlet

Question 12

what are the contents of the pretracheal layer?

Answer 12

• trachea
• esophagus
• thyroid glands
• infrahyoid muscles

Question 13

prevertebral layer

Answer 13

• deepest layer of deep cervical fascia

- runs from base of skull to thorax

Question 14

what are the contents of the prevertebral layer?

Answer 14

• cervical vertebral column
• longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes, and posterior deep cervical muscles
• cervical extensions of sympathetic trunks

Question 15

carotid sheaths can be found where?

Answer 15

between triangle formed by investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral layers

Question 16

what are the contents of the carotid sheaths?

Answer 16

• carotid arteries
• jugular veins
• vagus nerves
• lymphatics

this is known as a neurovascular bundle

Question 17

the retropharyngeal space is between the ____ and ____ fascia

Answer 17

pretracheal; prevertebral

Question 18

the smooth surface of the retropharyngeal space allows _____ of organs in pretracheal fascia during _____ and _____ of the neck

Answer 18

free movement; flexion; extension

Question 19

what are the borders of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 19

• posterior: prevertebral layer
• anterior: pretracheal layer
• lateral: carotid sheaths

Question 20

what is the function of the alar fascia?

Answer 20

• interconnects carotid sheaths

- subdivides retropharyngeal space

Question 21

the ____ artery supplies the superior 2/3 of the neck

Answer 21

external carotid

Question 22

the ____ artery supplies the base of the neck

Answer 22

subclavian

Question 23

what 2 arteries branch off the common carotid?

Answer 23

• internal carotid to brain and Circle of Willis

- external carotid to soft tissue structures of superficial head

Question 24

carotid sinus

Answer 24

• part of the internal carotid artery

- stretch receptor that detects BP

Question 25

carotid body

Answer 25

• part of the internal carotid artery

- detects pH to indirectly measure O2

Question 26

the subclavian artery has two ____ arteries that branch off it and go to the brain

Answer 26

vertebral