Lecture 12: Neck Organs + Spaces

Question 1

the neck organs can be found in what compartment?

Answer 1

pretracheal

Question 2

what hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 2

• T3 and T4 (metabolism)

- calcitonin (stimulates Ca storage to decrease blood Ca levels)

Question 3

what hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 3

parathryroid hormone (increases blood Ca levels)

Question 4

the larynx connects the ____ to the ____

Answer 4

pharynx; trachea

Question 5

what is the function of the larynx?

Answer 5

• sound production

- prevents compression/closure of airway when swallowing

Question 6

the superior border of the thyroid cartilage is connected to the hyoid bone by the ____ membrane

Answer 6

thyrohyoid

Question 7

the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage articulates with ____ to form the ____ joint

Answer 7

cricoid cartilage; cricothyroid

Question 8

when cricothyroid muscles protract/rotate to depress the laryngeal prominence, the vocal folds ____ (tighten/loosen)

Answer 8

tighten

Question 9

when cricothyroid muscles retract/rotate to elevate the laryngeal prominence, the vocal folds ____ (tighten/loosen)

Answer 9

loosen

Question 10

what is unique about the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 10

it is a complete ring of cartilage

Question 11

the superior border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with…

Answer 11

• thyroid cartilage anterior (cricothyroid joint)

- arytenoid cartilage posterior (cricoarytenoid joint)

Question 12

the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage is connected to the ____ by the ____ ligament

Answer 12

trachea; cricotracheal

Question 13

the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are all innervated by ____

Answer 13

CN 10

Question 14

what is the function of the trachea?

Answer 14

• conducting portion of airway

- warms, moistens, and cleanses air

Question 15

what is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 15

incomplete cartilage rings with smooth muscle spanning gap in ring posterior (adjacent to esophagus)

Question 16

what is the carina and why is it significant?

Answer 16

• inferior branch point of trachea to primary bronchi

- it is where the cough reflex originates

Question 17

what is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 17

• common passageway for food and air

- swallowing

Question 18

nasopharynx

Answer 18

• nasal cavity to soft palate

- contains tonsils and opening of pharyngotympanic tube

Question 19

oropharynx

Answer 19

• soft palate to base of tongue

- contains tonsils

Question 20

laryngopharynx

Answer 20

superior epiglottis to esophagus

Question 21

what do the superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors do, and what is their innervation?

Answer 21

• contract to constrict the pharynx in swallowing
• relax to dilate the pharynx in swallowing
• CN 10

Question 22

what do the palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus muscles do?

Answer 22

elevate and depress to lengthen/shorten pharynx in swallowing

Question 23

palatopharyngeus innervation

Answer 23

CN 10

Question 24

salpingopharyngeus innervation

Answer 24

CN 10

Question 25

stylopharyngeus innervation

Answer 25

CN 9

Question 26

the superior 1/3 of the esophagus is ____ muscle and the inferior 2/3 is ____ muscle

Answer 26

skeletal; smooth

Question 27

what is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 27

passageway for food regulated by upper esophageal sphincter

Question 28

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 28

• anterior: SCM
• posterior: trapezius
• inferior: clavicle

Question 29

what are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 29

• subclavian artery
• external jugular vein
• subclavian vein
• brachiocephalic vein
• CN 11
• brachial plexus

Question 30

anterior triangle boundaries

Answer 30

• anterior: median line of neck
• posterior: SCM
• superior: mandible

Question 31

The anterior triangle is subdivided into 4 smaller triangles. What are they?

Answer 31

• submandibular
• submental
• muscular
• carotid

Question 32

submental triangle boundaries

Answer 32

• inferior: body of hyoid
• right lateral: right anterior belly of digastric
• left lateral: left anterior belly of digastric
• floor: mylohyoid

Question 33

submental triangle contents

Answer 33

lymph nodes and small veins

Question 34

submandibular triangle boundaries

Answer 34

• superior: inferior border of mandible
• anterior: anterior belly of digastric
• posterior: posterior belly of digastric

Question 35

submandibular triangle contents

Answer 35

• submandibular salivary gland
• CN 12
• CN 5 branch (n to mylohyoid, anterior digastric)
• branches of external carotid artery

Question 36

carotid triangle boundaries

Answer 36

• superior: posterior belly of digastric
• inferior medial: superior belly of omohyoid
• inferior lateral: SCM

Question 37

carotid triangle contents

Answer 37

• area to palpate pulse in common carotid a.
• common carotid branching into int/ext carotid
• carotid body and sinus
• internal jugular vein and branches
• CN 11 and 12
• ansa cervicalis
• CN 10 with superior laryngeal branch

Question 38

muscular triangle boundaries

Answer 38

• medial: medial plane of neck
• superior lateral: superior belly of omohyoid
• inferior lateral: SCM

Question 39

muscular triangle contents

Answer 39

• thyroid gland
• parathyroid glands
• larynx and trachea