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Paediatrics > Lecture 13 Paediatric Respiratory > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Paediatric Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aetiology of Asthma

A

ADAM33, ORMDL3

Epigenetics

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2
Q

How is Asthma diagnosed

A

Spirometry
Bronchiodilator Response
FeNO
Peak Flow

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3
Q

What are the clinical features of asthma

A 
Wheeze
SOB at rest
Cough (nocturnal, exertion)
Parent Hx
History of atopy
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4
Q

What are the classes of medication used to treat asthma

A
  • Short acting beta agonists
  • Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
  • Long acting beta agonists*
  • Leukotriene receptor antagonists*
  • Theophyllines*
  • Oral steroids
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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of ICS

A

Height suppression
Oral candidiasis
Adrenocortical suppression

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6
Q

Name an example of a Leukotriene receptor antagonost

A

Montelukast

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7
Q

What is the treatment for a mild acute asthma attack

A

SABA via spacer

SABA via spacer + pred

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8
Q

What is the treatment for a moderate acute asthma attack

A

SABA via neb + pred

SABA + ipra via neb + pred

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9
Q

What is the treatment for a severe acute asthma attack

A 
IV salbutamol
IV aminophylline
IV magnesium (neb)
IV hydrocortisone
Intubate and Ventilate
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10
Q

Rhinitis is prodrome to what other illnesses

A

Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Rhinitis

A

Self limiting

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis media

A

Erythema
Bulging drum
Pink

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13
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media

A

Common
Self limiting
Antibiotics doesn’t help

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14
Q

What are the complications of otitis media

A

Rupture of drum

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15
Q

When do you treat otitis media

A

Severe pain >6 months

Non severe bilateral 6-23 months

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16
Q

If Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis are caused by bacteria what are the treatment options

A

Nothing

10 days penicillin

17
Q

If Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis are caused by a virus what are the treatment options

A

Nothing

18
Q

What should you not give to a person with Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis

A

Amoxycillin

19
Q

What is the causative organism of croup

A

Para influenza

20
Q

What is the treatment for Croup

A

Oral dexamethasone

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Croup

A

Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

22
Q

What is the causative organism for Epiglottitis

A

H Influenzae Type B

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Epiglottitis

A

Drooling

Stridor

24
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottitis

A

Intubation and antibiotics

25
Q

Name common bacterial agents of LRTI

A 
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumonia
26
Q

Name common viral agents of LRTI

A

Respiratory Syncital Virus
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus

27
Q

What is Tracheitis

A

Croup which does not get better
Fever
Staph or Stre[ invasive infection

28
Q

What is the treatment for Tracheitis

A

Augmentin

29
Q

What are the symptoms of Bronchitis

A

Loose rattly cough
Post-tussive vomit - “glut”
Chest free of wheeze/creps

30
Q

What are the common causative organisms of bronchitis

A

Haemophilus/Pneumococcus

31
Q

What is the treatment of bronchitis

A

Mostly self limiting

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A

LRTI in infants
• Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea, poor feeding
• Crackles +/- wheeze

33
Q

What is the common causative organisms of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

Paraflu III, HMPV

34
Q

Wheeze indicates bacterial or viral causes of illness

A

Viral

35
Q

What are the symptoms of Pertussis

A

Coughing fits >2 weeks

Vomiting and colour change

36
Q

What is Empyema

A

Pus in pleural space

Complication of pneumonia

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Empyema

A

Chest pain

Very unwell

38
Q

What is the treatment f Empyema

A

Drainage

IV Antibiotics

39
Q

What is the first line treatment for pneumonia/LRTI

A 
Oral amoxycillin
Oral macrolide (2nd)

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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