Week 9 Long Term Memory & Amnesia

Question 1

What is one of the most studied and well-known cases of amnesia?

Answer 1

Patient HM (Henry Gustav Molaison)

Question 2

What happened with patient HM?

Answer 2

Suffered from epilepsy so it was recommended to remove that brain site and a bilateral temporal lobectomy to me he was done in 1953.

Question 3

What happened after the operation of HM?

Answer 3

• IQ not affected
• No differences in personality
• Unexpected behavioural change
  
  • Lots of recent memory

Question 4

What type of memory is affected in amnesia?

Answer 4

STM is intact while parts of the LTM become impaired

Question 5

what are the two main components of long-term memory?

Answer 5

• Non-declarative memory
• Declarative memory

Question 6

What are the two subcategories of declarative memory?

Answer 6

• Episodic memory
• Semantic memory

Question 7

What does declarative memory involve?

Answer 7

• Conscious awareness
• Involves factual knowledge

Question 8

what is episodic memory?

Answer 8

Is winter store a factual knowledge concerning personal experiences when where and what happened in the episodes of our lives

Question 9

What is semantic memory?

Answer 9

Represents general factual knowledge about the world and language including memory for words and concepts.

Question 10

what is procedural memory ?

Answer 10

Reflected in skills and actions one component of procedural memory consists of skills that are expressed by doing things in particular situation

• Classically conditioned responses also reflect procedural memory.

Question 11

What is priming?

Answer 11

previous exposure to info
Can lead you to be faster
in responding to same info again

Question 12

What are the two subtypes of a declarative memory?

Answer 12

• Procedural memory
• Priming

Question 13

What is explicit memory?

Answer 13

Involves conscious or intentional memory retrieval as when you consciously recognize a recall something.

Question 14

What is implicit memory?

Answer 14

Occurs in memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness

Question 15

for patient HM what parts of long-term memory were affected?

Answer 15

*H.M. NOT Impaired on Pre-Existing Semantic Memory

Question 16

What components is Amnesia split into?

Answer 16

• Anterograde
• Retrograde

Question 17

What is amnesia Anterograde?

Answer 17

Lots of ability to form new memories after brain injury

Question 18

What is amnesia retrograde?

Answer 18

Lots of memories before brain injury

Question 19

do most amnesia patients show Anterograde or retrograde?

Answer 19

Most have both

Question 20

what is Temporally graded retrograde amnesia?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is consolidation?

Answer 21

Process that happens after and coding to stabilize memories.

• Requires some amount of time so recent or more fragile

Question 22

What is the standard model of consolidation?

Answer 22

Memories become more stable overtime, and are stored in different brain systems

Question 23

What are some predictions of consolidation?

Answer 23

• Recent declarative memories rely on the hippocampus
• Remote declarative memories rely on cortical areas outside the hippocampus

Question 24

Remote episodic autobiographical memories really preserved in retrograde amnesia?

Answer 24

For patient HM he could not recall a single episodic autobiographical memory of an event that took place with his mother or father instead he focussed entirely on semantic information.

Question 25

What is the multiple trace theory?

Answer 25

Each time a memory is retrieved a new memory trace is created that remote memories are stronger than recent ones

Question 26

what are some predictions of multiple Trace theory?

Answer 26

Episodic memories always depend on the hippocampus

Semantic memories become gradually stored in the cortex