premature ovarian failure

Question 1

what is the definition of premature ovarian failure?

Answer 1

the onset of menopausal sx and elevated gonadotrophin levels before the age of 40 years

Question 2

what are the causes of premature menopause?

Answer 2

1. idiopathic (most common) - may have fam hx
2. bilateral oophorectomy (also hysterectomy + preservation of ovaries)
3. radiotherapy
4. chemotherapy
5. infection e.g. mumps
6. autoimmune disorders
7. resistant ovary syndrome: due to FSH receptor abnormalities

Question 3

what are the features of premature ovarian failure?

Answer 3

similar to the normal climacteric but actual presenting problem may differ

1. climacteric sx: hot flushes, night sweats
2. infertility
3. 2˚ amenorrhoea
4. raised FSH, LH e.g. FSH >40 iu/l
5. low oestradiol e.g. <100 pmol/l

Question 4

what is tested to confirm menopause?

Answer 4

FSH levels

raised significantly in menopause