Liver and Pancreas

Question 1

Pancreas development:

_____ -> _____ -> pancreas

pancreas arises from dorsal and ventral _________

Answer 1

endoderm -> foregut

pancreatic buds

Question 2

where do pancreatic buds appear?

Answer 2

caudal part of foregut, appearing on either side of the duodenum

Question 3

most of the pancreas comes from which bud? Which parts of pancreas?

Answer 3

dorsal pancreatic bud

part of head, body, and tail

Question 4

ventral pancreatic bud develops near

Answer 4

bile duct entry into duodenum

Question 5

in pancreatic development, the duodenum rotates to the right to become c-shaped.
The ventral bud rotates to lie _____ to dorsal bud and they ______

Answer 5

posterior

fuse

Question 6

what does the pancreatic duct come from?

Answer 6

fused ducts of the ventral and dorsal buds

Question 7

ventral pancreatic bud becomes the

Answer 7

head of the pancreas

Question 8

_____ and ______ cells develop before _____ cells in the pancreas

Answer 8

glucagon and somatostatin before insulin

Question 9

when does insulin secretion begin?

Answer 9

10 weeks

Question 10

uncommon anomaly that arises when ventral pancreatic bud fuses with dorsal bud around duodenum, forming a ring

Answer 10

annular pancreas

Question 11

what happens in exocrine pancreas?

Answer 11

exocrine secretion of digestive proenzymes

Question 12

acinus (secretory unit) of exocrine pancreas contains two cell types:

Answer 12

acinar cells

centroacinar cells - secrete fluid; beginning of duct system

Question 13

path of exocrine product from pancreas to duodenum

Answer 13

intercalated duct –> intralobar duct –> interlobular duct –> main pancreatic duct –> common bile duct –> papilla of Vater –> duodenum

Question 14

how can gallstones cause pancreatitis

Answer 14

they can get stuck in the papilla of Vater and enzymes can’t get out of pancreas

Question 15

in the 4th week, the caudal part of the foregut gives rise to the _________ (liver development)

Answer 15

hepatic diverticulum

Question 16

hepatic diverticulum enlarges and divides into (2)

Answer 16

primordium of the liver

biliary apparatus

Question 17

hepatic cords (primordial liver) anastamose to give _____

mesenchyme (primordial liver) gives rise to _____

Answer 17

sinusoids

Kupffer cells

Question 18

the biliary apparatus develops from the _____ portion of the hepatic diverticulum and gives rise to _____

Answer 18

caudal

gallbladder

Question 19

what are Kupffer cells?

Answer 19

liver macrophages

Question 20

by week 9, the liver is ____ % of total fetal weight

bile formation begins during week ____

Answer 20

10%

week 12

Question 21

In liver development, mesentary is ______ (think layered)

the ________ attaches lesser curvature of stomach to the liver and duodenum

the _______ attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 21

double-layered

lesser omentum

falciform ligament

Question 22

describe afferent blood supply to liver

Answer 22

it’s dual

hepatic artery - oxygenated blood

portal vein - deoxygenated, but nutrient-rich, blood from GI and spleen

Question 23

hepatic vein drains from liver to

Answer 23

IVC

Question 24

bile flows to and from liver through the

Answer 24

cystic duct

Question 25

how are hepatocytes organized in the liver?

Answer 25

hexagon-shaped lobules and aligned in sheets that are 1-2 cells thick

Question 26

vascular space between hepatic plates

contains Kupffer cells

Answer 26

sinusoids

Question 27

plasma-filled cavity between blood vessel endothelial cells and hepatocytes

Answer 27

Space of Disse

Question 28

what are portal areas in the liver for, and what are they composed of?

Answer 28

allow blood flow through liver

composed of hepatic arteriole, portal venule, and bile duct

Question 29

vein at the center of a classic hepatic lobule

drains blood from sinusoids –> hepatic vein –> IVC

Answer 29

centrilobular vein

Question 30

hepatocytes live for ____ days, meaning the liver can _____

Answer 30

150 days

regenerate

Question 31

obstruction of the biliary tract characterized by degeneration of hepatocytes and formation of fibrous tissue

Answer 31

Cirrhosis

Question 32

what does the gallbladder do?

Answer 32

stores, concentrates, and releases bile

Question 33

gallbladder is lined with (tissue)

Answer 33

simple columnar epithelium

Question 34

two types of gallstones (cholethiasis)

Answer 34

cholesterol stones

pigment stones