Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

A mixture of a large number of compounds, usually hydrocarbons.

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon is a chain of Carbon and Hydrogen molecules.

Question 3

What is the general formula of Alkenes, and Alkanes, Alcohol and Carboxylic Acids.

Answer 3

Alkene: CnH2n
Alkane: CnH2n+2
Alcohol: CnH2n+1OH
Carboxylic Acids: CnH2nO2
One way to remember. The a in AlkAnes can be like Alk(addition)ne. Add 2.

Question 4

How is crude oil seperated?

Answer 4

Using fractional distillation using different temperatures to evaporate them and then letting them condense at different fractions.

Question 5

How does chain length affect properties of Hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

They become less flammable, more viscous, and have higher vaporizing/boiling points.

Question 6

Word equation for combustion?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbon + oxygen > Carbon dioxide + water.

Question 7

What are alkenes used for?

Answer 7

Starting materials for production of other chemicals and producing polymeres

Question 8

Products of cracking?

Answer 8

Alkanes and alkenes.

Question 9

Test for alkenes.

Answer 9

Alkenes turn bromine water from orange or brown to colourless.

Question 10

What do you need to do to make plastic. Starting from Fractional distillation.

Answer 10

Extract ethene using fractional distillation. Once you have extracted ethene, do additional polymerisation in order to join two or more ethenes and make polyethene.

Question 11

How do you make ethanol from ethene

Answer 11

Hydrate the ethene by reacting it with STEAM.

Question 12

How could you test that you had ethene and not ethane?

Answer 12

Ethene reacts with bromine water to make it go from brown to colourless.

Question 13

Why do plastic window frames not require painting or maintaenance.

Answer 13

Because, unlike metal frames, they do not rust.

Question 14

Chloroethene is said to be unsaturated, why?

Answer 14

Because it has a double bond.

Question 15

What is polymerisation?

Answer 15

Polymerisation is the combination or bonding of monomers.

Question 16

Why is chloroethene an addition polymerisation?

Answer 16

Because a long chain is formed and no other substance is formed.

Question 17

What is condensation reaction?

Answer 17

A long chain formed, with water as a product.

Question 18

Thermosetting polymer does not melt when heated, but thermosoftening does. Why?

Answer 18

Thermosetting polymers have strong interconnected covalent bonds [1] between each atom, which are strong [2] allowing for it to stay in structure even after being heated to high amounts [3] (better to say they cannot be easily overcome)

Question 19

Advantages and disadvantages of fermentation using:
Type of raw materials.
Type of process
Labour
Rate of reaction
Conditions needed

Answer 19

Type of rawmaterials: Renewable (Glucose from plants)(advantage)
Type of process: Batch (Stop-Start) (Disadvantage)
Labour: Alot of workers needed (Disadvantage)
Rate of reaction: Slow (Disadvantage)
Conditions needed: Warm (30 deg) and normal pressure (1 atm) (advantage)

Question 20

Advantages and disadvantages of hydration (ethene with steam) using:
Type of raw materials.
Type of process
Labour
Rate of reaction
Conditions needed

Answer 20

Type of raw materials: Non-renewable (ethene from crude oil) (Disadvantage)
Type of process: Continuous (Advantage)
Labour: Minimal workers needed (Advantage)
Rate of reaction: Fast (Advantage)
Conditions needed: High temperature (300 deg) and high pressure (60-70 atm)

Question 21

Why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid.

Answer 21

It fully dissociates.