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Epidemiology > Midterm 4 (By bacteria 2) > Flashcards

Midterm 4 (By bacteria 2) Flashcards

1
Q

The virulence factors of P. multocida are the capsule and dermonecrotoxin

A

True

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2
Q

Pasteurella are very resistant in the environment

A

False

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3
Q

Pasteurella are obligate pathogens

A

False

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4
Q

We can use inactivated bacteria as a vaccine for Pasteurella

A

True

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5
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia is caused by P. multocida B and E

A

True

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia infected animals carry the bacteria for 1 year

A

False

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7
Q

Hyaluronic acid capsule is important for the bacteria’s ability to replicate unhindered

A

True

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8
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia is a slow and chronic disease

A

False

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9
Q

Endotoxins are important for the pathogenesis of the hemorrhagic septicemia disease

A

True

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10
Q

Antibiotics are highly effective against hemorrhagic septicemia

A

True

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11
Q

Attenuated vaccines can be used to prevent hemorrhagic septicemia

A

True

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12
Q

After recovery from hemorrhagic septicemia, cattle remain carriers

A

True

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13
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle occurs only in tropical countries

A

False

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14
Q

Secondary infection can occur with haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle

A

False

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15
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle can be explained by endotoxin production

A

True

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16
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia is mainly seen in sheep and horses

A

False

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17
Q

Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is caused by P. multocida A and M. haemolytica A

A

True

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18
Q

Most importance virulence factor of M. haemolytica is leukotoxin

A

True

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19
Q

Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is a common disease of young animals

A

True

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20
Q

Macrolides are recommended to use in case of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle

A

True

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21
Q

Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle appears in calves aged 1-3 months old

A

True

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22
Q

Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes a fibrinous inflammation of serous membranes

A

True

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23
Q

Leukotoxin of M. haemolytica strains responsible for Pasteurella pneumonia attacks respiratory epithelium

A

True

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24
Q

Respiratory pasturellosis of cattle are mostly seen in the tropics

A

False

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25
Q

Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes purulent pneumonia

A

True

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26
Q

We can use ELISA to diagnose respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle

A

True

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27
Q

A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is transport

A

True

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28
Q

A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is the presence of a viral infection

A

True

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29
Q

Lesions of respiratory pasteurellosis of calves are seen in the anterior lobes

A

True

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30
Q

Vaccination is widely used for prevention of bovine respiratory pasteurellosis.

A

True

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31
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi is involved in development of acute systemic pasteurellosis

A

True

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32
Q

Serology is widely used to diagnose Pasteurella in sheep

A

False

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33
Q

Penicillin can be used to treat ovine pasteurellosis

A

True

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34
Q

The septicemic form of pasteurellosis is most common in sheep above 1 year

A

False

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35
Q

You can see croupus pneumonia in case of ovine systemic pasteurellosis

A

False

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36
Q

Systemic pasturellosis is seen in 2-4-week-old lambs

A

False

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37
Q

Pasteurella causes septicaemia in lambs

A

True

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38
Q

In suckling lambs, acute systemic pasteurellosis may occur

A

False

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39
Q

Pasteurellosis in the sheep may cause interstitial pneumonia

A

False

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40
Q

Pasteurellosis in the sheep can occur in the form of mastitis

A

True

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41
Q

Pasteurellosis in sheep may occur as a septicaemia

A

True

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42
Q

Emboli is the cause of sudden death in acute systemic pasturellosis

A

True

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43
Q

Vaccines can be used to prevent pasteurellosis in sheep

A

True

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44
Q

In the respiratory form of ovine pasteurellosis, hemorrhagic pneumonia is seen

A

False

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45
Q

Mycoplasmas can predispose swine to pasteurellosis

A

True

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46
Q

Vaccines can prevent pneumonia of swine caused by pasteurella

A

False

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47
Q

P. multocida A is causative agent of pneumonia caused by pasteurellosis in swine

A

True

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48
Q

Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented with toxoid vaccine given at weaning

A

False

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49
Q

PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis can be examined after transverse cut of the nose

A

True

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50
Q

Atrophic rhinitis is examined PM by a longitudinal section of the nose

A

False

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51
Q

Animals showing signs of atrophic rhinitis remain carriers

A

False

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52
Q

Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented by vaccinating the sow

A

True

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53
Q

Atrophic rhinitis cause disease in swine and calves

A

False

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54
Q

Dermonectotocin in case of atrophic rhinitis acts on the osteoblast cells

A

True

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55
Q

Atrophic rhinitis is caused by a synergistic interaction between B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida D

A

True

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56
Q

B. bronchiseptica can cause immunosuppression

A

False

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57
Q

Toxoid vaccines can be used for prevention of atrophic rhinitis

A

True

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58
Q

B. bronchiseptica strains producing toxins causing serious lesions

A

False

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59
Q

The typical PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis are caused by B. bronchiseptica strain

A

False

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60
Q

Atrophic rhinitis is a common disease that causes severe losses

A

False

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61
Q

Atrophic rhinitis only occurs pigs that were infected as suckling piglets

A

True

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62
Q

Atrophic rhinitis is proven by isolating P. multocida

A

False

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63
Q

Tetracyclines can successfully be used to treat atrophic rhinitis

A

True

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64
Q

Wrinkles and torsion of nose is the most prominent clinical sign of atrophic rhinitis

A

True

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65
Q

Fibrinous pneumonia can be seen during necropsy in case of pasteurellosis in rabbit

A

True

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66
Q

Pasteurellosis in rabbit causes high amount of nasal discharge

A

True

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67
Q

Pasteurellosis in rabbit is caused by P. multocida A

A

True

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68
Q

The chronic form of fowl cholera is caused by less virulent strains

A

True

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69
Q

Day-old chickens are resistant to fowl cholera

A

True

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70
Q

Vaccines against fowl cholera are not available

A

False

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71
Q

Fowl cholera may cause high mortality in water birds

A

False

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72
Q

Turkeys are not sensitive to fowl cholera

A

False

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73
Q

Fowl cholera occurs mainly at the end of the winter

A

False

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74
Q

Fowl cholera occurs mostly during the summer and autumn

A

True

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75
Q

Germinative infection is the primary way of spreading fowl cholera

A

False

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76
Q

Mortality of fowl cholera can reach 100% in a susceptible flock

A

True

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77
Q

In development of fowl cholera, plucking the animal has an important role

A

True

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78
Q

Fowl cholera can cause high losses among day-old chicken

A

False

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79
Q

Fowl cholera is caused by leukotoxin-producing Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica

A

False

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80
Q

Fowl cholera has higher mortality in young broiler stocks

A

False

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81
Q

Fowl cholera has high mortality in water poultry

A

False

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82
Q

Turkeys are not susceptible for fowl cholera

A

False

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83
Q

Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella haemolytica

A

False

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84
Q

Fowl choler occurs in the tropics and subtropics mostly

A

True

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85
Q

Wild birds are very susceptible to fowl cholera

A

False

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86
Q

Susceptibility in hens decrease with age in case of fowl cholera

A

False

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87
Q

Anatipestifer disease is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer

A

True

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88
Q

Endotoxin release is important in the pathogenesis of the anatipestifer disease

A

True

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89
Q

Anatipestifer disease mostly occurs in small backyard flocks

A

False

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90
Q

We can use agglutination to diagnose the anatipestifer disease

A

True

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91
Q

We can prevent anatipestifer disease by using inactivated vaccines

A

True

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92
Q

Anatipestifer disease only shows clinical signs in ducks

A

False

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93
Q

In the chronic form of anatipestifer disease, we can see fibrinous-purulent conjunctivitis

A

True

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94
Q

Anatipestifer disease mostly affects older birds

A

False

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95
Q

In the acute form of anatipestifer disease, we can see CNS signs

A

True

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96
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale most commonly occurs in 3-4 week old turkeys

A

False

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97
Q

Penicillin can be used to treat Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

A

True

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98
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is most commonly infected via germinative route

A

False

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99
Q

Thick, fibrinous nasal discharge is the most striking clinical signs in case of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

A

False

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100
Q

Actinobacillosis in ruminants is a sporadic worldwide disease

A

True

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101
Q

Actinobacillosis of cattle appears in soft tissues around the mouth

A

True

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102
Q

Actinobacillosis most commonly enters body via wound infection

A

True

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103
Q

Antibiotics cannot be used successfully for treatment of actinobacillosis

A

False

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104
Q

Actinobacillosis can cause lameness due to encephalitis in foal

A

False

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105
Q

Actinobacillosis is caused by A. equuli in horses

A

True

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106
Q

Most important way of infection is via the umbilicus in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

A

True

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107
Q

Animals will not move due to high fever and encephalitis in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

A

False

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108
Q

Tetracyclines can cure the disease at any time in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

A

False

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109
Q

Paralysis of foals (in actinobacillosis) is the result of umbilical infection

A

True

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110
Q

“Timber tongue” is caused by Actinobacillus in foals

A

False

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111
Q

The so called pyosepticemia of adult horses (in actinobacillosis) occurs due to predisposing factors

A

True

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112
Q

A. equuli is present in healthy horses as well

A

True

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113
Q

Antibiotics can be used in treatment of A. equuli

A

True

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114
Q

Edema of the head is the most prominent clinical sign of A. equuli

A

True

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115
Q

Draught horses are more predisposed to the disease in case of A. equuli

A

True

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116
Q

A. equuli is a common disease in some areas of the world

A

False

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117
Q

Biotype 2 causes more severe disease in case of actinobacillosis in swine

A

False

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118
Q

To culture the bacterium actinobacillus in swine, cross culture with staphylococcus is needed

A

True

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119
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is caused by an obligate pathogen

A

False

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120
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection in swine occurs in fattening animals

A

True

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121
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection in swine spread via tracheal discharge

A

True

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122
Q

A. pleuropneumonia strains can cause pneumonia in swine and cattle

A

False

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123
Q

Biotype 1 strains of A. pleuropneumonia cause more severe disease than biotype 2

A

True

124
Q

Swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia occurs in growers and fattening animals

A

True

125
Q

In swine actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, herd treatment with antibiotics should be done

A

True

126
Q

Swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia can be prevented by toxoid vaccine

A

True

127
Q

Toxins are important virulence factors of A. pleuropneumonia strains

A

True

128
Q

A. pleuropneumonia type 2 biotype strain widely cause disease

A

False

129
Q

The 1st biotype of APP strains causes disease in large number of animals

A

True

130
Q

The 2nd biotype of APP strains cause disease in large number of animals

A

False

131
Q

Purulent nasal discharge can be seen in case of APP in swine

A

False

132
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia can be introduced by rodents into the pig farm

A

False

133
Q

In swine actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, the changes are seen in the caudal lung lobes

A

True

134
Q

Porcine polyserositis (Haemophilus parasuis) occurs in suckling piglets

A

False

135
Q

Polyserositis affects many piglets and the mortality is high

A

False

136
Q

Polyserositis may cause CNS symptoms

A

True

137
Q

Polyserositis cause fibrin production

A

True

138
Q

Polyserositis of pigs is seen in the first week of life

A

False

139
Q

Polyserositis of pigs is caused by Actinobacillus suis

A

False

140
Q

Polyserositis of pigs can be prevented with vaccination

A

True

141
Q

The causative agent of porcine polyserositis is an epiphyte

A

True

142
Q

Polyserositis of pigs is caused by Haematophilus parasuis

A

False

143
Q

Glässer ́s disease causes severe purulent serositis

A

False

144
Q

Polyserositis can successfully treat with antibiotics

A

True

145
Q

Inactivated vaccine can be used to prevent polyserositis

A

True

146
Q

Glässer’s disease is a common disease, and mortality is high

A

False

147
Q

Glässer’s disease causes significant fibrin precipitation

A

True

148
Q

Glässer’s disease may cause neurological signs

A

True

149
Q

Infectious coryza spreads slowly in the flock

A

False

150
Q

Day-old chicks are most susceptible to infectious coryza

A

False

151
Q

There is a watery nasal discharge and swelling of the head in case of infectious coryza

A

False

152
Q

Primary way of spreading of infectious coryza is via the drinking water

A

True

153
Q

Infectious coryza usually generalizes

A

False

154
Q

infectious coryza causes nasal discharge and sinusitis

A

True

155
Q

Infectious coryza can be prevented by an inactivated vaccine

A

True

156
Q

Infectious coryza can be prevented by the vaccination of the parent stock

A

True

157
Q

Sinusitis is a main clinical sign of infectious coryza

A

True

158
Q

Elimination of predisposing factors is important in prevention of infectious coryza

A

False

159
Q

In the case of infectious coryza in day-old ducklings, high fever is typical

A

False

160
Q

Day-old chicken show severe clinical signs of infectious coryza

A

False

161
Q

Infectious coryza causes big losses in broiler flocks

A

False

162
Q

Histophilus somni is a sporadic disease

A

True

163
Q

The Histophilus somni is an obligatory pathogen

A

False

164
Q

Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis causes hemorrhagic necrotic foci in the brain, in case of Histophilus somni infection

A

True

165
Q

Histophilus somni can by venereal infection, cause a generalized disease

A

False

166
Q

Toxoid vaccines can be used to prevent the Histophilus somni disease

A

False

167
Q

Histophilus somni will only cause localized respiratory disease

A

False

168
Q

Histophilus somni causes diarrhea and dehydration in calves

A

False

169
Q

Histophilus somni causes pneumonia in calves

A

True

170
Q

Histophilus somni causes epididymitis in lambs

A

True

171
Q

Contagious equine metritis occurs widely in Hungarian thoroughbred studs

A

False

172
Q

Contagious equine metritis causes decreased semen quality in stallions

A

False

173
Q

The mare may be a carrier for more than a year in case of contagious equine metritis

A

True

174
Q

We can diagnose Taylorella equigenitalis carrier mares with agglutination probe or ELISA

A

False

175
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis is a widespread and common disease

A

False

176
Q

The causative agent of contagious equine metritis is Histophilus equi

A

False

177
Q

The causative agent of contagious equine metritis is an obligate pathogen

A

False

178
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis can spread via feed and water

A

False

179
Q

The bacteria of contagious equine metritis can be carried for 14-15 months

A

True

180
Q

Contagious equine metritis causes high fever in the mare

A

False

181
Q

There will be large amount of purulent smelly vaginal discharge in case of contagious equine metritis

A

False

182
Q

Uterine lavage with antibiotics can be used as treatment for contagious equine metritis

A

True

183
Q

Brucella is an obligate pathogen

A

True

184
Q

Brucella are a notifiable disease

A

True

185
Q

Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract

A

True

186
Q

All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining

A

False

187
Q

There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella

A

True

188
Q

Brucellosis is zoonotic

A

True

189
Q

Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world

A

True

190
Q

In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes

A

True

191
Q

Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals

A

True

192
Q

Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes

A

True

193
Q

An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis

A

False

194
Q

Brucella has average resistance

A

True

195
Q

Brucella is found worldwide

A

True

196
Q

Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere

A

False

197
Q

Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk

A

False

198
Q

B. suis can infect cattle

A

True

199
Q

Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle

A

True

200
Q

In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease

A

True

201
Q

Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection

A

False

202
Q

Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis

A

False

203
Q

Calves can be born infected with brucellosis

A

False

204
Q

B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis

A

True

205
Q

B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle

A

True

206
Q

Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries

A

False

207
Q

Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic

A

True

208
Q

If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity

A

True

209
Q

In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens

A

True

210
Q

Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers

A

False

211
Q

Brucella abortus infects only cattle

A

False

212
Q

Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary

A

False

213
Q

The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls

A

False

214
Q

Brucella abortus infects only cattle

A

False

215
Q

Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis

A

True

216
Q

B. ovis has a wide host range

A

False

217
Q

Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams

A

True

218
Q

B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes

A

True

219
Q

B. ovis will cause high fever

A

False

220
Q

B. ovis causes severe epididymitis

A

True

221
Q

Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis

A

False

222
Q

You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange

A

False

223
Q

Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis

A

False

224
Q

The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams

A

True

225
Q

There is no B. ovis in Hungary

A

False

226
Q

Brucella ovis generally does not cause septiceamia in rams

A

True

227
Q

Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk

A

False

228
Q

AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep

A

True

229
Q

B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe

A

False

230
Q

Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis

A

True

231
Q

B. melitensis can cause epididymitis and orchitis in rams and bucks

A

True

232
Q

B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting

A

True

233
Q

Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine

A

True

234
Q

Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis

A

True

235
Q

Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination

A

False

236
Q

Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis

A

False

237
Q

Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area

A

True

238
Q

Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis

A

False

239
Q

Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating

A

True

240
Q

B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen

A

True

241
Q

B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary

A

False

242
Q

In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta

A

True

243
Q

Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle

A

True

244
Q

Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents

A

False

245
Q

Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy

A

True

246
Q

Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection

A

False

247
Q

Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis

A

False

248
Q

Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows

A

True

249
Q

Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis

A

False

250
Q

Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

A

True

251
Q

Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

A

True

252
Q

Diarrhea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

A

False

253
Q

Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection

A

True

254
Q

Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os

A

True

255
Q

Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis

A

True

256
Q

Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers

A

False

257
Q

Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis

A

True

258
Q

Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe

A

False

259
Q

Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis

A

True

260
Q

Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis

A

False

261
Q

Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis

A

False

262
Q

Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis

A

False

263
Q

In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture

A

True

264
Q

In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle

A

True

265
Q

Hares are susceptible to B. abortus

A

False

266
Q

Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis

A

False

267
Q

Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans

A

True

268
Q

High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans

A

True

269
Q

Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis

A

True

270
Q

Tularaemia affects only sheep in Hungary

A

False

271
Q

Ticks have an important role in transmission of tularaemia

A

True

272
Q

Tularemia occurs only in America

A

False

273
Q

Tularemia occurs frequently in hares

A

True

274
Q

Francisella tularensis ssp. holartica is highly virulent

A

False

275
Q

Francisella is a facultative pathogen

A

True

276
Q

Francis blood agar can be used for its isolation

A

True

277
Q

Tularaemia will cause more severe disease in lagomorph and rodents

A

True

278
Q

Hunters can contract tularemia whilst skinning the animal

A

True

279
Q

Tularaemia causes severe clinical signs in susceptible animals

A

True

280
Q

Tube agglutination is the best way to diagnose tularaemia

A

True

281
Q

Encephalitis is the main clinical sign of tularemia in humans

A

False

282
Q

There are differences in the virulence of the causative agents of tularemia

A

True

283
Q

Septicemia is part of the pathogenesis of tularemia

A

True

284
Q

Mosquitoes are involved in spreading of tularemia

A

True

285
Q

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is in Europe

A

False

286
Q

Hares spread the bacteria Francisella with urine

A

False

287
Q

Ticks play a role in maintaining the presence of tularaemia

A

True

288
Q

Franciella tularemia in humans is frequently caused through skin wounds

A

True

289
Q

Avian bordetelliosis, chickens are most susceptible

A

False

290
Q

Most important virulence factors of the Turkey coryza are cytotoxins

A

True

291
Q

Avian bordetelliosis has a relatively low resistance

A

False

292
Q

Avian bordetelliosis causes death due to suffocation

A

True

293
Q

High mortality and morbidity is typical for avian bordetelliosis

A

False

294
Q

Generalization of the turkey coryza disease are possible in young animals

A

True

295
Q

Avian bordetellosis is caused by B. avium

A

True

296
Q

Avian bordetellosis is seen in a few week-old chickens and turkeys

A

True

297
Q

Avian bordetellosis is a generalized disease with high fever

A

False

298
Q

In the case of avian bordetellosis sinusitis and respiratory clinical signs are seen

A

True

299
Q

Causes a disease similar to infectious coryza caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

True

300
Q

Avian bordetelliosis are resistant to heat and disinfectants

A

False

301
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause kennel cough on its own

A

False

302
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause pneumonia in young dogs

A

True

303
Q

B. bronchiseptica is partly responsible for the sneezing disease of cats

A

True

304
Q

B. bronchiseptica is a common secondary pathogen to canine distemper in older dogs

A

True

305
Q

B. bronchiseptica strains can be involved in the respiratory diseases of dogs

A

True

306
Q

B. bronchiseptica alone causes mild rhinitis in suckling piglets

A

True

307
Q

Toxin-producing B. bronchiseptica strains cause severe clinical signs on their own

A

False

Epidemiology (12 decks)

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