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Epidemiology > Midterm 3 (3) > Flashcards

Midterm 3 (3) Flashcards

1
Q

The hemagglutinin (H) gene of influenza viruses is highly conserved, doesn’t mutate

A

False

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2
Q

The neuraminidase (N) gene of influenza viruses is highly conserved, doesn’t mutate

A

False

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3
Q

The nucleocapsid gene of influenza viruses is highly conserved, doesn’t mutate

A

True

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4
Q

The RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene of influenza viruses is highly conserved, doesn’t mutate

A

True

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5
Q

Antigenic drift is the consequence of serial point mutations

A

True

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6
Q

Antigenic shift is the consequence of serial point mutations

A

False

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7
Q

The complete genome of influenza viruses consists of 8 genome segments

A

True

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8
Q

The main hosts of influenza viruses are (water) birds

A

True

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9
Q

Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause hemorrhagic or necrotic enteritis

A

True

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10
Q

Distemper virus can infect species belonging to the Felidae

A

True

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11
Q

Distemper virus spreads mainly by arthropod vectors

A

False

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12
Q

Distemper is a notifiable disease

A

False

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13
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality

A

Fasle

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14
Q

Velogenie viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production

A

False

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15
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

A

False

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16
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial infection

A

True

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17
Q

TGEV can cause haemagglutination

A

False

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18
Q

FIPV can cause haemagglutination

A

False

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19
Q

HeCoV can cause haemagglutination

A

True

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20
Q

PEDV can cause haemagglutination

A

False

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21
Q

The epizootic TGEV spreads rapidly

A

True

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22
Q

The epizootic TGEV can cause disease mainly in winter

A

True

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23
Q

The epizootic TGEV can be transmitted with milk

A

True

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24
Q

The epizootic TGEV does not cause viraemia

A

False

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25
Q

Equine viral arteritis virus can infect through nasal route

A

True

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26
Q

Equine viral arteritis virus can infect per os

A

True

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27
Q

Equine viral arteritis virus can infect through venereal way

A

True

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28
Q

Equine viral arteritis virus can infect only by arthropods

A

False

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29
Q

The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good

A

False

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30
Q

Rhabdoviruses are good antigens

A

True

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31
Q

The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide

A

True

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32
Q

The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is high

A

False

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33
Q

Rabies virus causes viraemia soon after infection

A

False

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34
Q

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after appearance of the clinical signs

A

False

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35
Q

Change of the behavior is an important clinical sign of rabies

A

True

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36
Q

Paralysis is an important clinical sign of rabies

A

True

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37
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

A

True

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38
Q

The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow

A

True

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39
Q

Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA

A

True

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40
Q

Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them

A

False

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41
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is shed in lymphoid cells

A

True

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42
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection

A

False

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43
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading slowly in the herd

A

True

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44
Q

The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes

A

True

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45
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces

A

True

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46
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection

A

True

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47
Q

Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis

A

True

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48
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals

A

False

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49
Q

Normal prions are essential components of the cell membrane of the hosts

A

False

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50
Q

BSE is not spreading from animal to animal

A

True

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51
Q

In the case of BSE polioencephalitis is the main post mortem lesion

A

False

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52
Q

BSE prion is mainly detected with PCR

A

False

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53
Q

Only capsulated strains of Bacillus anthracis can cause anthrax

A

True

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54
Q

Edema factor and lethal factor are important virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis

A

True

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55
Q

The clinical signs of anthrax in pigs are more severe than in cattle

A

False

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56
Q

Dogs and cats are resistant against the agent of anthrax

A

False

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57
Q

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

False

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58
Q

Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep

A

True

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59
Q

If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is generally successful

A

False

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60
Q

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

False

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61
Q

Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

True

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62
Q

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning

A

False

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63
Q

The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small intestine

A

True

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64
Q

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows

A

True

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65
Q

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani

A

True

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66
Q

The agent of tetanus causes septicemia

A

False

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67
Q

Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions

A

False

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68
Q

Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus

A

True

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69
Q

Omphalitis is a common clinical sign of avian staphylococcosis

A

True

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70
Q

Arthritis is a common clinical sign of avian staphylococcosis

A

True

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71
Q

Pneumonia is a common clinical form of avian staphylococcosi

A

False

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72
Q

Dermatitis is a common clinical sign of avian staphylococcosis

A

True

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73
Q

Swine erysipelas is caused by Erysipelothrix suis

A

False

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74
Q

The agent of swine erysipelas can be carried by asymptomatic pigs

A

True

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75
Q

Diamond skin disease is a clinical form of swine erysipelas

A

True

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76
Q

The agent of swine erysipelas can cause disease only in pigs

A

False

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77
Q

Ulcerative lymphangitis of horses is caused by Corynebacterium equi

A

False

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78
Q

Clinical signs of ulcerative lymphangitis can be mainly seen in suckling horses

A

False

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79
Q

Purulent inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is typical in the case of ulcerative lymphangitis

A

True

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80
Q

The agent of ulcerative lymphangitis can be detected by microscopic examination

A

True

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81
Q

Influenza is not spread by carrier animal

A

False

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82
Q

Important to eradicate swine influenza cases

A

True

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83
Q

Influenza can lead to secondary infections

A

True

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84
Q

The influenza virus has segmented genome

A

True

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85
Q

The influenza viruses can frequently cause severe disease in all kinds of animals

A

True

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86
Q

Swine influence has high mortality rate

A

False

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87
Q

Swine influenza has high morbidity rate

A

True

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88
Q

To prevent complications of swine influenza, antibiotics are used

A

True

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89
Q

Swine influenza is easily transmitted to people

A

True

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90
Q

Swine influenza viruses can cause human pandemics

A

True

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91
Q

Severe respiratory signs are characteristic to swine influenza

A

False

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92
Q

There are two strains of equine influenza virus

A

False

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93
Q

Equine influenza virus is a frequent disease

A

True

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94
Q

Subtype two of equine influenza virus is highly variable

A

True

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95
Q

Movement of horses predisposes them to equine influenza

A

True

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96
Q

Equine influenza can predispose to secondary bacterial infections

A

True

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97
Q

Using attenuated vaccines, equine influenza can be prevented

A

True

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98
Q

Avian influenza of high economic impact is caused by HPAI

A

True

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99
Q

HPAI strains are mutations of LPAI strains

A

True

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100
Q

HPAI strains belonging to certain hemagglutinin types

A

True

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101
Q

Avian influenza is spread by bronchial discharge

A

True

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102
Q

Bird flu is transmitted by snot/nasal discharge

A

True

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103
Q

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses only cause disease in ducks

A

False

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104
Q

HPAI infections are mainly transmitted by inhalation

A

True

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105
Q

HPAI viruses may cause serious losses in poultry

A

True

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106
Q

Chicken are infected with HPAI strains per os

A

True

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107
Q

Migrating birds can transmit avian influenza strains to long distances

A

True

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108
Q

LPAI strains can become HPAI strains as a result of mutation

A

True

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109
Q

Avian influenza is present worldwide

A

True

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110
Q

Avian influenza is only caused by the H5 and H7 strains

A

False

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111
Q

Avian influenza virus is primarily spread through bronchial discharge, by aerogenic route

A

True

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112
Q

Avian influenza can be seen only in young birds

A

False

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113
Q

Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves

A

True

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114
Q

A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation

A

True

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115
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria

A

True

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116
Q

The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhea

A

False

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117
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations

A

True

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118
Q

Rinderpest virus survives for years in nature

A

False

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119
Q

Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections

A

False

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120
Q

Rinderpest is carried by animals for a long time

A

False

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121
Q

Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petits ruminants outbreak

A

True

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122
Q

Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America

A

False

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123
Q

Rinderpest virus is carried by animals for several years

A

False

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124
Q

Cattle are infected with rinderpest virus mainly per os

A

False

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125
Q

Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months

A

False

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126
Q

The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants

A

False

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127
Q

The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhea

A

False

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128
Q

Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae

A

False

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129
Q

Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins

A

True

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130
Q

Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs

A

True

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131
Q

Surviving distemper does not result in protection

A

False

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132
Q

Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections

A

True

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133
Q

Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age

A

False

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134
Q

Distemper causes de-myelinization

A

True

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135
Q

Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique

A

True

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136
Q

Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells

A

True

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137
Q

Avian paramyxovirus belongs into 9 serogroups

A

True

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138
Q

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus cause an acute septicaemia

A

False

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139
Q

Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle’s disease

A

False

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140
Q

Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality

A

True

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141
Q

It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing

A

True

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142
Q

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease virus can frequently be seen in dogs

A

False

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143
Q

Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1

A

True

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144
Q

The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice site, is a significant factor of it’s virulence

A

True

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145
Q

An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease

A

True

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146
Q

Newcastle disease virus cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs

A

False

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147
Q

Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over the world

A

True

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148
Q

Mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus are used for vaccination in some countries

A

True

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149
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause disease in young turkey

A

True

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150
Q

Apathogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus are used for vaccination

A

True

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151
Q

Live mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus is used for vaccination in Europe

A

True

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152
Q

Day-old chickens can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent Newcastle disease virus

A

True

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153
Q

Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus

A

False

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154
Q

Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease

A

False

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155
Q

Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons

A

True

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156
Q

Velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus cause an acute form of the disease

A

True

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157
Q

Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogen/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity

A

True

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158
Q

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease virus can frequently be seen in ducks

A

False

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159
Q

Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os

A

True

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160
Q

CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease

A

True

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161
Q

Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza

A

False

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162
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs

A

False

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163
Q

Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be reached

A

False

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164
Q

Hendra virus is found only in Australia

A

True

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165
Q

Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors

A

False

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166
Q

Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens

A

True

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167
Q

Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age

A

True

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168
Q

Coronaviruses can survive for months in the environment

A

False

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169
Q

Coronaviruses frequently mutate and recombine

A

True

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170
Q

Coronaviruses have a weak physical resistance

A

True

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171
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

A

False

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172
Q

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus per os

A

True

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173
Q

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus by inhalation

A

True

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174
Q

Coronavirus can cause enteritis in calves typically on the first week of life

A

True

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175
Q

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhea in dairy cows

A

True

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176
Q

Bovine coronaviruses causes mainly respiratory and enteric diseases

A

True

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177
Q

Bovine coronavirus can infect humans

A

False

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178
Q

Bovine coronaviruses usually infect the respiratory and the digestive systems

A

True

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179
Q

Bovine coronavirus may induce both respiratory and enteric signs

A

True

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180
Q

Calf coronavirus diarrhea is characterized by several respiratory signs

A

False

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181
Q

Certain bovine coronaviruses can affect humans causing clinical signs

A

False

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182
Q

Coronaviruses mainly cause central nervous disease in cattle

A

False

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183
Q

Calves can be protected against coronavirus diarrhea by vaccinations of pregnant cows

A

True

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184
Q

Surviving winter dysentery gives permanent protection only against homologous infection

A

True

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185
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus provides cross protection to hemagglutinating coronavirus

A

False

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186
Q

TGE mainly cause croupous pneumonia

A

False

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187
Q

TGE replaces the respiratory corona virus

A

False

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188
Q

TGE appears in Hungary

A

True

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189
Q

TGE causes 100% mortality in susceptible piglets under 1 week of age

A

True

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190
Q

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is completely eradicated in Europe

A

False

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191
Q

TGE causes 100% mortality in sows

A

False

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192
Q

PED is similar to TGE

A

True

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193
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

A

False

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194
Q

The incubation time of TGE is usually 1-3 days

A

True

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195
Q

TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory system

A

True

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196
Q

Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form

A

True

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197
Q

The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhea

A

True

198
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus can cause disease in humans

A

False

199
Q

The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus

A

False

200
Q

TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus

A

False

201
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection against TGE

A

True

202
Q

Only pigs are susceptible to TGE infection

A

False

203
Q

Maternal immunity is essential against TGE infection of piglets

A

True

204
Q

Today TGE occurs in epizootic form

A

False

205
Q

TGEV is widespread

A

True

206
Q

TGE is completely eradicated in Europe

A

False

207
Q

TGE infection is devastating at any age

A

False

208
Q

The incubation period of TGE can be as short as 8 hours

A

False

209
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis is usually asymptomatic in adults

A

True

210
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical signs in dogs

A

False

211
Q

The Porcine respiratory coronavirus has been evolved from the Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

A

True

212
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection from transmissible gastroenteritis

A

True

213
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea usually resembles TGE

A

True

214
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea can be transmitted by infected dogs and cats

A

False

215
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea frequently occurs in Europe

A

False

216
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the colon

A

True

217
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED

A

False

218
Q

Porcine respiratory corona virus has reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea

A

False

219
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets

A

True

220
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause severe diarrhea in sows

A

False

221
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus/Ontario Disease is sporadic in Hungary

A

True

222
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus of pigs is frequently causing malabsorption in sows

A

False

223
Q

The hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus multiplicate in hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow

A

False

224
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus is present worldwide

A

True

225
Q

The occurrence of coronavirus encephalomyelitis of piglets is usually sporadic

A

True

226
Q

Canine coronavirus (CCoV-1) causes diarrhea in young susceptible dogs

A

True

227
Q

Pantropic canine coronavirus infections are endemic worldwide

A

False

228
Q

Canine coronavirus-2 infections are characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea in puppies

A

True

229
Q

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCoV-1

A

False

230
Q

Pantropic canine coronavirus causes a mild respiratory disease in suckling dogs

A

False

231
Q

Canine coronavirus are only present in North America

A

False

232
Q

Canine coronavirus vaccines effectively protect from any Canine coronavirus infection

A

False

233
Q

There are no protective vaccines available against Canine enteric coronavirus

A

False

234
Q

CCoV-IIa infections are endemic worldwid

A

False

235
Q

In suckling dogs CCoV-II infection causes respiratory disease

A

False

236
Q

Canine coronavirus is part of kennel cough

A

True

237
Q

Feline coronavirus is a recombinant canine virus

A

True

238
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus causes FIP in 5-10% of cases

A

True

239
Q

FIP mainly infects with feces

A

True

240
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) can only infect Felidae

A

True

241
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses from a single serotype

A

True

242
Q

Effusive FIP is the result of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

True

243
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens

A

False

244
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus infection of cats is very common

A

True

245
Q

Vaccine effectively protects from feline infectious peritonitis

A

False

246
Q

Feline coronavirus has two serotypes, both having two pathotypes

A

True

247
Q

FECoV infection usually causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis

A

False

248
Q

The Feline enteric coronavirus usually does not cause severe enteritis

A

True

249
Q

FIP forms because of immunotolerance

A

False

250
Q

In the presence of high-titer antibody level, infectious peritonitis cannot develop in cats

A

True

251
Q

Infectious bronchitis has a lot of serotypes

A

True

252
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses may have different organ tropism

A

True

253
Q

Germinative route is the most important in the transmission of infectious bronchitis

A

False

254
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses belong into 3 distinct serotypes

A

False

255
Q

Inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis

A

True

256
Q

Attenuated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis

A

True

257
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses form 2 distinct serotypes

A

False

258
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses have a wide range of serotypes including many variants

A

True

259
Q

The clinical signs of Infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease may be similar

A

True

260
Q

Turkey enteritis is characterized by age-dependent mortality rates

A

True

261
Q

Vaccination of turkey breeding flocks against Turkey enteritis virus is mandatory

A

False

262
Q

Equine arteritis virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, subtypes etc

A

True

263
Q

Aerogenic infection can happen in the case of equine arteritis virus

A

True

264
Q

Equine arteritis virus is shed in the semen

A

True

265
Q

Equine arteritis virus can cause abortion

A

True

266
Q

Equine arteritis virus is very resistant to physical damages

A

False

267
Q

In case of equine viral arteritis, the rate of seroconverted animals increases with age

A

True

268
Q

Lameness due to inflammatory joints is the most typical sign of Equine infectious arteritis

A

False

269
Q

Equine infectious arteritis is a notifiable disease; therefore vaccinations are forbidden

A

False

270
Q

The persistence of equine viral arteritis virus within one herd is usually caused by the stallions

A

True

271
Q

Equine viral arteritis is transmitted by a sexual and aerogenic pathways

A

True

272
Q

After equine viral arteritis virus infection, mortality rate is low

A

True

273
Q

Equine viral arteritis is usually asymptomatic

A

True

274
Q

Equine infectious arteritis is a notifiable disease

A

True

275
Q

The main target of Equine viral arteritis virus is macrophages

A

True

276
Q

Equine infectious arteritis is stenoxen viruses

A

True

277
Q

Equine viral arteritis can be controlled in part by removing long-term carriers

A

True

278
Q

Equine viral arteritis can affect donkeys

A

True

279
Q

PRRS virus have 3 genotypes

A

False

280
Q

PRRS is characterized by respiratory disease in adult pigs

A

False

281
Q

Edema can be a sign of PRRS

A

True

282
Q

PRRS is deadly in adult animals

A

True

283
Q

PRRS virus affects the respiratory system in young piglets

A

True

284
Q

Target cells of PRRSV are alveolar epithelial cells

A

False

285
Q

PRRS causes immune suppression in prolonged cases

A

True

286
Q

Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available against PRRS

A

True

287
Q

PRRS virus causes severe intestinal problems in adult pig

A

False

288
Q

PRRS is characterized by respiratory problems in adult pigs

A

False

289
Q

PRRS virus can only be isolated in porcine kidney cell culture

A

False

290
Q

PRRS infection has two clinical phases

A

True

291
Q

The Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is only present in North-America

A

False

292
Q

The PRRS virus may cause reproductive problems in boars

A

True

293
Q

PRRS: cyanosis is one clinical symptom

A

True

294
Q

Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months

A

False

295
Q

Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America

A

True

296
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted only by arthropods

A

False

297
Q

Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis

A

True

298
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine

A

False

299
Q

Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus

A

False

300
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans

A

True

301
Q

Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks

A

True

302
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis

A

False

303
Q

Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus

A

True

304
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact

A

True

305
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans

A

False

306
Q

Dogs maintain urban rabies

A

True

307
Q

Saliva can contain rabies virus, before the appearance of clinical signs

A

True

308
Q

Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses

A

False

309
Q

There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus

A

False

310
Q

Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle

A

True

311
Q

Paralysis is a typical sign of rabies

A

True

312
Q

Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life

A

False

313
Q

The rabid bats fly during the day

A

True

314
Q

Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies

A

True

315
Q

Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe

A

False

316
Q

Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe

A

False

317
Q

Rabies virus is highly resistant

A

False

318
Q

Rabies virus cannot be cultured

A

False

319
Q

Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies

A

False

320
Q

Immunofluorescence test is the most frequently used way of detection of rabies virus

A

True

321
Q

Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test, in the case of rabies

A

False

322
Q

Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies

A

True

323
Q

Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus

A

False

324
Q

Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance of the clinical signs

A

False

325
Q

The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks

A

True

326
Q

Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies

A

True

327
Q

Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain

A

True

328
Q

Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately

A

False

329
Q

In cats furious form of rabies is typical

A

True

330
Q

In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur

A

True

331
Q

Rabies has been eradicated in Europe

A

False

332
Q

Rabies spread through venereal

A

False

333
Q

The high-titer of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies

A

False

334
Q

Live vaccines are used for the vaccination of foxes against rabies

A

True

335
Q

Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs

A

False

336
Q

Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system

A

False

337
Q

Retroviruses generally have a large host range

A

False

338
Q

Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells

A

True

339
Q

Certain retroviruses can cause malignant transformation

A

True

340
Q

Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells

A

True

341
Q

Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes

A

True

342
Q

Retroviruses have a tegument or rind

A

False

343
Q

The animals will be infected with retroviruses until the end of their life

A

True

344
Q

You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially

A

False

345
Q

Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome

A

True

346
Q

Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal

A

False

347
Q

Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary

A

True

348
Q

Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

A

True

349
Q

Retroviruses results in life-long infection

A

True

350
Q

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell

A

False

351
Q

Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

A

True

352
Q

Retroviruses are generally species specific

A

True

353
Q

Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

A

False

354
Q

Retroviruses frequently causes permanent infection

A

True

355
Q

Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare

A

False

356
Q

Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses

A

True

357
Q

Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome

A

True

358
Q

The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time

A

True

359
Q

Retroviruses are generally good antigens

A

True

360
Q

Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes

A

True

361
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals

A

False

362
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection

A

True

363
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection

A

True

364
Q

Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis are seen mainly in 6-8-month-old calves

A

False

365
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

A

False

366
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

A

True

367
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by veterinarian

A

True

368
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can not result in tumor formation

A

False

369
Q

Serological examination cannot be used to diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

False

370
Q

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leucosis

A

True

371
Q

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine leucosis

A

False

372
Q

During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive

A

True

373
Q

The tumors in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis can be seen from the age of 6 months

A

False

374
Q

PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves

A

True

375
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection

A

True

376
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes

A

False

377
Q

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

False

378
Q

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

True

379
Q

The target cell of bovine enzootic leucosis are the B-lymphocytes

A

True

380
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species

A

False

381
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds

A

False

382
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the fetus

A

True

383
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis only infects cattle

A

False

384
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant

A

False

385
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has low resistance; it cannot retain it’s infectivity for a long time in the environment

A

True

386
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses

A

False

387
Q

Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

True

388
Q

Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

True

389
Q

Genetic predisposition is present in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

True

390
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading very fast within the herd

A

False

391
Q

Only cattle are susceptible to enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

False

392
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus has several serotypes

A

False

393
Q

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leukosis

A

False

394
Q

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leukosis

A

True

395
Q

The target cells of bovine enzootic leukosis are the B-lymphocytes

A

True

396
Q

During the incubation phase of bovine enzootic leukosis the animals become seropositive

A

True

397
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus causes disease in suckling calves

A

False

398
Q

In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver

A

False

399
Q

Ovine pulmonary andenomatosis can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies with ELISA

A

False

400
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia

A

False

401
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough

A

False

402
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis

A

False

403
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South-Africa

A

False

404
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene

A

True

405
Q

Metastasis are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

True

406
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production

A

True

407
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus spreads with nasal discharge

A

True

408
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages

A

False

409
Q

Metastases are frequently seen in parenchymal organs in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

False

410
Q

Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

False

411
Q

No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals

A

True

412
Q

Feces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus

A

False

413
Q

Tumor transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

True

414
Q

Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months

A

False

415
Q

Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells

A

False

416
Q

Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa

A

False

417
Q

Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body

A

False

418
Q

Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive

A

True

419
Q

Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva

A

True

420
Q

Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals

A

False

421
Q

Feline leukosis is a very rare disease

A

False

422
Q

Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus

A

True

423
Q

Feline leukosis can cross the placenta

A

True

424
Q

FeLV is a uniform virus

A

False

425
Q

Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs

A

False

426
Q

Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal

A

True

427
Q

Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titers

A

True

428
Q

Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus

A

True

429
Q

Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact

A

True

430
Q

Feline leukosis can infect cats and dogs

A

False

431
Q

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of feline leukosis

A

False

432
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread

A

True

433
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic

A

True

434
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is a persistent infection

A

True

435
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes

A

True

436
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases

A

True

437
Q

Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken

A

False

438
Q

There are resistant lines to avian leukosis

A

True

439
Q

Proportion of the animals with tumors is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis

A

True

440
Q

Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis

A

False

441
Q

Avian leukosis virus can cause germinative infection

A

True

442
Q

Tumors can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis

A

True

443
Q

T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus

A

False

444
Q

Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common

A

True

445
Q

Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses

A

True

446
Q

Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance

A

True

447
Q

Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

True

448
Q

Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

True

449
Q

Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

True

450
Q

Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis

A

False

451
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched

A

True

452
Q

Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis

A

False

453
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs

A

True

454
Q

Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease

A

True

455
Q

Maedi appears in Hungary

A

True

456
Q

Maedi is spreading fast

A

False

457
Q

In the case of maedi/visna interstitial pneumonia can be seen

A

True

458
Q

In order to eradicate maedi/visna infected ewes have to be culled with their lambs

A

True

459
Q

Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6 months

A

False

460
Q

Maedi/visna is spreading fast in the flock

A

False

461
Q

Maedi/visna virus is shed only in the tracheal discharge

A

False

462
Q

Clinical signs of maedi are generally seen above 3-4 years of age

A

True

463
Q

Interstitial pneumonia is a typical lesion of maedi

A

True

464
Q

In the case of maedi/visna interstitial pneumonia can be seen

A

True

465
Q

Maedi and visna diseases are caused by the same virus

A

True

466
Q

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is characterized by CNS signs in young goats

A

True

467
Q

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus replicates in the intestinal tract

A

False

468
Q

Equine infectious anemia can damage the medulla of the bone

A

True

469
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment

A

True

470
Q

Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

A

True

471
Q

Equine infectious anemia has a weak resistance

A

False

472
Q

Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anemia

A

True

473
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus causes persistent infection

A

True

474
Q

You cannot diagnose Equine infectious anemia with serology

A

False

475
Q

Tick are vectors of equine infectious anemia virus

A

False

476
Q

The resistance of equine infectious anemia is very low

A

False

477
Q

Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

A

False

478
Q

In the case of equine infectious anemia, hemorrhages cannot be seen

A

Flase

479
Q

Animals infected with equine infectious anemia virus are lifelong carriers

A

True

480
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus is mainly transmitted with tracheal discharge

A

Flase

481
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus damages the bone marrow

A

True

482
Q

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of equine infectious anemia

A

False

483
Q

Equine infectious anemia can be asymptomatic

A

True

484
Q

Equine infectious anemia may cause recurrent fever in horses

A

True

485
Q

The resistance of equine infectious anemia is very low

A

False

486
Q

Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

A

False

487
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus causes persistent infection

A

True

488
Q

In the case of equine infectious anemia hemorrhages cannot be seen

A

False

489
Q

Horseflies are mechanical vectors equine anemia virus

A

True

490
Q

Equine anemia is a zoonotic disease

A

False

491
Q

Equine anemia is a notifiable disease

A

True

Epidemiology (12 decks)

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