Expansion in Africa - Personal influence (including exploration)

Question 1

West Africa (Goldie)

Answer 1

• 1876: Goldie formed Central Africa trading Co.; visited WA following year
• 1879: Goldie secured concessions from tribal chiefs obliging them to solely trade with co.; his agents secured over 450 treaties
• Est. cocoa and coffee plantations

Question 2

West Africa (Lugard)

Answer 2

• 1894: Lugard est. indirect rule through treaties with local chiefs
• 1900: Became High Commissioner of NN

Question 3

East Africa (Mackinnon)

Answer 3

• 1888: Mackinnon founded Imperial British East Africa Company
• 1894: government declared a protectorate over Uganda, dissolving IBEAC and assumed full responsibility

Question 4

East Africa (Lugard)

Answer 4

• 1890: Lugard signed treaty with King Mwanga of Uganda on behalf of IBEAC giving Britain power over revenue, tax collection and administration of justice; ultimately puppet ruler

Question 5

East Africa (Thomson)

Answer 5

• 1878: Joseph Thomson led an important expedition to EA which paved the way for claims to Kenya and Uganda

Question 6

East Africa (Kirk)

Answer 6

• 1868: Kirk became Vice Consul of Zanzibar and began gaining the Sultan’s confidence and trust

Question 7

Explorers

Answer 7

• 1857: Livingstone published ‘Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa’
• 1857-8: Sir Burton and Hanning Speke undertook expedition inland from island of Zanzibar, searching for the Nile’s source
• 1860: Speke mapped parts of Lake Victoria

Question 8

Egypt and the Sudan (Acquisition of the Sudan)

Answer 8

• 1883: Hicks led an expidition to Sudan to try and regain control
• Kitchener penetrated Sudanese territory and surpassed his orders by conquering the whole region in September 1898 (Omdurman)

Question 9

Egypt and the Sudan (Salisbury)

Answer 9

• Tory PM 1885

- Believed Egypt vital for route to India so wanted to reconquer parts of the Sudan

Question 10

South Africa (Frere and Shepstone 1)

Answer 10

• 1876, British colonial secretary, Lord Carnarvon, consulted with Shepstone as to how best to bring about a federation of the Southern African colonies
• 1877, Frere was made High Commissioner for Southern Africa by Lord Carnarvon

Question 11

South Africa (Frere and Shepstone 2)

Answer 11

• 1878: Frere and Shepstone conspired a war with the Zulu King Cetshwayo although he had shown no hostility to the British

Question 12

South Africa (Mackenzie)

Answer 12

• 1883: missionary Mackenzie pressuring British government to est. protectorate over Bechunaland

Question 13

South Africa (Rhodes)

Answer 13

• 1884-5: Rhodes annexed Bechuanaland with Gladstone’s ministry; Rhodes used Bechuanaland as a springboard for incursions into Zambesia
• 1888: amalgamated Kimberly Diamond Co.s
• 1890: Rhodes’ British SA Co. chartered; made PM of Cape Colony

Question 14

South Africa (Milner)

Answer 14

• 1897: Milner made High Commissioner for SA

- Hardline views caused Boer War

Question 15

South Africa (Chamberlain)

Answer 15

• Chamberlain was Tory Colonial Secretary in 1895
• Chamberlain supported Jameson Raid (1895-6)
• He appointed Milner as High Commissioner 1897 because he knew he was a hardliner