9B Progress Test

Question 1

Aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water

Question 2

Balanced symbol equation of aerobic respiration

Answer 2

C6H12O6+ 6O2 —- 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 3

Word equation of anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi

Answer 3

Glucose—- ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 4

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 4

Glucose — lactic acid

Question 5

What is ATP?

Answer 5

ATP is the energy currency that cells use to carry out functions

Question 6

What provides energy for muscle contraction, active transport and cell divisio

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

What is anaerobic respiration callled in yeast?

Answer 7

Fermentation and is used in bread making and brewing

Question 8

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

Aerobic: uses oxygen, produces CO2 and H2O, releases larger amounts of energy

Question 9

What is the role of diffusion in gas exchange?

Answer 9

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide move by diffusion across gas exchange surfaces like alveoli

Question 10

How is a leaf adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 10

Large surface area for more gas exchange, thin for a short diffusion distance, stomata allows gases to move out/in, air soaces increase diffusion efficeny.

Question 11

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 11

Thin walls, for fast diffusion, large surface area for more oxygen uptake, good blood supply to maintain a concentration gradient

Question 12

What structures are in the thorax for breathing?

Answer 12

Ribs, intercostal muscles, diapragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleural membranes

Question 13

What is the role lf intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in breathing?

Answer 13

Inhaletion: intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm moves up, air is pished out.

Question 14

How does the seed experiment show that they respire?

Answer 14

Respiration is an exothermic reaction; this means it produces heat. The germinating seeds have a higher temperature as shown on the thermometer, therefore the seeds are resporing. The boiled seeds cannot germinate as the enzymes in the seeds have been denatured, therefore germination cannot take place.

Question 15

How would the yeast in glicose experiment show carbon dioxide id produced during respiration?

Answer 15

Respiration creates carbon dioxide, limewater turns cloudy in the presence of Carbon dioxide, the glucose gets broken down in resporation, the carbon dioxide comes from the yeast solution and bubbles through the limewater turming it cloudy

Question 16

What is the oil layer for?

Answer 16

To prevent oxygen getting into the yeast and glicose solition so that the yeast can do anaerobic resporation

Question 17

Why is diffusion essential for gas exchange in living organisms?

Answer 17

Diffusion allows oxygen to move into the cells so that aerobic respiration can occur. Diffusion allows carbon dioxide to move out of the cells so that it does not build up and become toxic.

Question 18

Describe gas exchange in a leaf

Answer 18

Photo syntesis- oxygen is produced in excess. This means there is higher concentration of o in the leaf than oitside it. So oxygen diffuses out through the stomata.
Carbon Dioxide is used up , hterefore there is lower concentration insid the leaf than the outside so in diffuses in through the stomata.
Water evaporates inside the leaf. This means there is more water vapor inside the leaf then outside of it so it diffuses out through the stomata.

Question 19

How is the leaf adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 19

The stomata allow gas exchange to occur, the spongy mesophyll has airspaces that allow gases to exchange, the leaf is thin so that it has a short diffusion pathway for oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour to diffuse in and out of the leaf.

Question 20

What is the role of stomata in gas exchange

Answer 20

Stomata open during the day when the plant is photosynthesising, this allows gas exchange to occur. If the plant is dehydrated the stomata close to prevent further water loss.

Question 21

What are rhe colours of hydrocarbonate indicator

Answer 21

Yellow when acidic, red when neutral and purple when alkaline

Question 22

Explain the leaf loght experiment

Answer 22

Dark- no photosynthesis cam happen so only respiration occurs so only carbon dioxide is produced, which turns the indicator yellow as more co2 = more acidic.

Carbon dioxide is absorbed more than it is produced so pirple as lack of co2 turns it alkaline. Tube c no colour vhange as no reaction takes place

Question 23

Describe the trachea

Answer 23

Tube lined with rings of cartilage. It goes from the mouth to the lungs where it splits.

Question 24

Describe the ribs

Answer 24

Bones that protect the lungs from damage. The ribcage can expand or contract with breathing.

Question 25

Describe the diaphragm

Answer 25

A dome shaped muscle under the lungs that contracts and relaxes to help ventilation.

Question 26

Describe the bronchi

Answer 26

These aroe the two tubes that the trachea split into. They have cartilage rings to prevent collapsing

Question 27

Describe the bronchioles

Answer 27

Small tubes that come from the bronchi and at the end of them there are alveoli.

Question 28

Describe the alveoli

Answer 28

These are small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles.

Question 29

Describe intercostal muscles

Answer 29

These are muscles in between the ribs and help the ribcage expand and contract.

Question 30

What are the pleural membranes?

Answer 30

Slippy to reduce friction of the lungs rubbing along the inside of the ribcage

Question 31

Jow does gas exchange happen in the lungs and tissues of animals

Answer 31

In = oxygen high and carbon dioxide low. In blood arriving: high carbon and low oxygen. Moves from high to low

Question 32

What foes tar do?

Answer 32

Paralyses the cilia so they cannot move mucuc, this leads to bacteri having time to multiply in the mucus which can causea chest infection. The immune response causes inflammation which causes chroncitis.

Question 33

What does nicotine do?

Answer 33

Increases blood pressure, this damages the arterie lining, the damaged arteries can start to have fatty deposits build up in the damaged areas, boocking the arteries stopping oxygen to reach the heart cells so they die

Question 34

What do carcinogens do

Answer 34

Tar has many chemicals known to cause cancer, these can cause mutations and some pf these can cause uncontrolled cell division/cNcer

Question 35

What si carbon monoxide?

Answer 35

Binds to haemoglonin better the. Oxygen to form corboxyhaemoglonin. Tjis means less oxygen can be carried around the body

Question 36

What si emphysema?

Answer 36

A disease thatbeffects breathing, the lungs cannot get smaller and stay inflated with limited ventilation

Question 37

How does emphyseme affect alveoli?

Answer 37

The elastic fibres in the alveoli break down so the alveoli are enlarged, this reduces the surface area for gas exchange, the lungs cannot contract so there is less ventilation.