Organic LED Doesn't use a backlight as the pixels make their own light Advantages: - thin monitors (eg. phones) - flexible monitors

A+ 1001: Display Tech Flashcards by Charl Swart

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

Doesn’t glow, can only block light or let it through, and so all LCD display requires some sort of backlight

Uses either CCFL or LED for backlight

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Pixel

Picture Element

3 individual LCD elements that emit either Red Green or Blue light

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CCFL

Cold Cathode fluorescent lamp

Used as a backlight for LCD’s

Replaced by LEDs in modern displays

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Types of LCD technologies

TN (Twisted nematic)

inexpensive
Speed

IPS (In-Plane Switching)
- Wide range of view

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Resolution

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Brightness

Measured in Nit (nt)

The average LCD panel is between 200 - 500 nt

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Attributes of LCD screens

Resolution
Brightness
Response Time

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Response Time

The time it takes for a pixel to reset itself. To go from All black to All white, back to all black again.

most monitors have response times of between 1ms - 4 ms

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OLED

Organic LED

Doesn’t use a backlight as the pixels make their own light

Advantages:

thin monitors (eg. phones)
flexible monitors

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Digital LIght Processing

Digital Light Processing

uses a grid of tiny mirrors that shine through a color wheel to create an image

Commonly used with projectors

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Parts of a Monitor

LCD Screen & Controller

CCFL tubes or LEDs and backscreen
(distributes the light emanating from the CCFL or LED backlights)

PSU AC to DC

Inverters (to convert DC back into AC for the CCFL Tubes)

Connectors for input from video card

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GPUs

Graphics processing unit

Found on Video Card

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Frame buffering

Using Ram to keep track of each pixels state on a screen

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Video Card

GPU:
Ram: Keeps track of pixels, and help resolve the screen

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Integrated GPU

GPU Built into the CPU

AMD calls their integrated CPU an APU

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VGA

Visual Graphic Array

Connector type found on graphic cards

has 15 pin holes on three rows, commonly blue

VGA is Analog, which means that monitors need to convert the analog signal to digital before updating pixels

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DVI

Digital Visual Interface

common connector type found on graphics cards

DVI connectors are digital,

however, some formats (DVI-I) provide support for analog signals, by allowing DVI to VGA adaptors

DVI-D is digital only

Two versions of DVI:

Single Link (has a gap between pins)
Dual-link (to run more than one monitor, or high resolution monitors)

HDMI

High-Definition Multimedia interface

Connector type commonly found on graphic cards

Regular HDMI
Mini-HDMI

Used for Sound and Video

Display Port

Connector found on graphic card

Regular
Mini

Has a speed advantage over HDMI

When installing a new video card, which setting do we need to check in the CMOS after installation?

Initial Display Output

Riser Card

A card that plugs into an expansion slot and gives you an extra slot

When buying a new monitor, what do you need to consider?

Ensure you have a graphics card that can match the native monitor resolution

Projectors

Two dominant technologies: DLP or LCD

LED has a removable light bolt

Lumens is the measure of brightness

Throw: The distance the image can be projected

Geometric adjustments:

Pincushion
Keystone
Skew

Overheat Shutdown

The video card is overheating

Not getting enough ventilation

Fans are not plugged in or not working properly

Dead Pixels

Happens on LCD monitors Pixel is always black or white

Artifacts

Images are not resolved properly, things are out of place Possible causes - Video Ram (plug in another video card to test)

incorrect color patterns

Can see the images, but the colors are weird possible causes: - video ram - cables not propperly connected

Dim image

The backlights are not making enough light Common problem with ccfls as they tend to dim over time Solution: - replace the light source

Flickering image

Most likely a poorly connected cable Check connection

Distorted Image

Ensure you are running at the native resolution of the monitor

Burn in

On plasma monitors, an image could become burned into the screen On LCD screens it is called image persistence, and can be fixed by simply placing different images on the screen

Oversized images and icons

Fixed in windows settings

Which is a monitor backlight technology? A.) LCD b. ) LED c. ) OLED d. ) Nit

b.) LED LEDs are a monitor backlight technology. LCDs don't make their own light (thus the need for a backlight). OLEDs make their own light (they don't need a backlight). Nit is a unit used to measure monitor brightness.

Which display technology uses moving mirrors?

DLP DLP uses tiny, moving mirrors to create the projected image.

An AMD CPU with a built-in GPU is a what?

APU

Which is not true of DVI connectors? a. ) Dual-link connectors can support multiple monitors b. ) DVI-I supports only one monitor c. ) DVI can support analog or digital signals d. ) Dual-link cards can support higher resolutions

b.) DVI-I supports only one monitor DVI-I can support one or more monitors. The other statements are all true regarding DVI.

Which interface supports DRM? a. ) HDMI b. ) CCFLs and OLEDs c. ) VGA d. ) DVI-i

a.) HDMI HDMI supports DRM. The other interfaces do not.

Which is not a task performed in Windows when installing a video card? a. ) Adjust PCLe power b. ) Adjust font size c. ) Update drivers d. ) Set resolution to native

Which is not a standard projector adjustment? a. ) Keystone b. ) Pincushion c. ) Skey d. ) threading

d.) threading Threading is not a projector adjustment. Keystone, skew and pincushion are all standard projector adjustments.

Which may be corrected by resetting a connector? a. ) Dead Pixel b. ) Dim Image c. ) Burn-In d. ) Incorrect Color Patterns

d.) Incorrect Color Patterns Incorrect color patterns may be caused by loose or failing connectors. Dead pixels and burn-in cannot be fixed. Dim images are caused by a low brightness setting, failing CCFL, or failing inverter.

Which is not a cause of an overheat/shutdown? a. ) Bad Fan b. ) Poor Ventilation c. ) Failed DC inverter d. ) High Video Load

c.) Failed DC inverter A failed inverter will make a monitor dim, not shut down a video card. Bad fans and poor ventilation can cause a video card to overheat. High video workloads may cause overheating.