Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

med > A & E > Flashcards

A & E Flashcards

1
Q

What preparations should be made for an admission of a major trauma case?

A

Inform trauma team
Prepare resuc room
Prepare fluids and O -ve blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who forms the trauma team?

A

Anaesthetist
Surgeons
Orthopaedics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a fast scan?

A

rapid bedside USS assessement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What BP should you aim for in trauma patients?

A

Aim for 90 systolic (permissive hypotensive resuscitation) - helps blood to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When might you not want to follow permissive hypotensive resuscitation and bring the BP up more?

A

hx HTN/ cardiac disease

hx cerebrovascular disease, carotid artery stenosis, poor renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define shock

A

Medical emergency in which organs and tissues are not receiving adequate perfusion of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is MAP equation?

A

Diastolic + (Systolic-diastolic)/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the minimum MAP needed to perfuse your organs?

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are CO, BP and SVR linked?

A

BP= CO X SVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sats do you aim for in COPD?

A

88-92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the criteria for anaphylaxis?

A

1) Sudden onset, rapid progression of sx
2) Life threatening airway/breathing/circulation problem
3) Skin/mucosal changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What test can be used post-anaphylaxis to confirm dx?

A

Tryptase (1-6h post anaphylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock?

A

0.5mg IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs do you give following adrenaline in anaphylactic shock?

A

Chlorphenamine IV and hydrocortisone IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What dose of adrenaline is used in cardiac arrest?

A

1mg IV (between second and third shock)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drug is used to tx a patient in VT who is not displaying adverse features?

A

Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs are used to control AF in primary care?

A

beta blocker

CCB (diltiazem, verapamil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which three things make up cushings triad?

A

1) Altered respirations (decreased)
2) Widening pulse pressure (systolic htn)
3) Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is cushings reflex?

A

Physiological response to raised ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is first line tx for angina control?

A

Beta blocker and/or CCB

and aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ECG findings in PE

A

Tachycardia
RBBB
R axis deviation
S1Q3T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx for hypothermia

A

Warm fluids/ O2
Bladder/peritoneal lavage
Bear hugger device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What value is a marker of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Carboxyhaemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which cardiac enzymes can be measured as markers of ACS?

A

Troponin T
CKMD
(AST, CK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What drug can be given IV as part of the major blood loss protocol?
Transexamic acid (if less than 3h from injury)
26
What are the criteria for PCI in STEMI?
Present within 12h of sx onset and PCI available within 2h of first medical contact
27
What drugs do you give initially in STEMI?
``` Aspirin 300mg Ticagrelor Morphine GTN spray O2 ```
28
What score can be used to risk assess pts with NSTEMI?
GRACE score
29
Mx for severe pulmonary oedema
O2 Diamorphine IV Furosemide IV GTN spray (unless BP less than 90)
30
What is the most common cause of broad complex tachycardia?
VT
31
What should you do in unstable VT?
``` DC cardioversion (X3) Then amiodarone followed by more shocks ```
32
How do you manage torsades de points if caused by congenital long QT?
Beta blockers
33
How to tx torsades de pointes caused by acquired long QT?
Stop predisposing drugs Correct hypokalaemia Give magnesium sulphate
34
What can precipitate AF?
Hyperthyroidism | Alcohol
35
How do you manage SVT?
Vagal manoeuvres | Adenosine
36
How do you treat a bradycardic pt with adverse signs?
Atropine IV
37
What factors would make you consider a bradycardic patient at risk of asystole?
Recent asystole Mobitz II AV block Complete heart block with broad QRS
38
How would you treat a bradycardic patient deemed at risk of asystole or is unstable and hasn't responded to initial atropine?
Repeat atropine Transcutaneous pacing Consider adrenaline Seek expert help to arrange transvenous pacing
39
Which Ix are essential in asthma?
``` PEF ABG CXR FBC U&E ```
40
What are the markers of severe asthma?
Unable to complete sentences RR>25 PR>110 PEF 33-50% predicted
41
What are the markers of life-threatening asthma?
``` PEF < 33% predicted Silent chest Hypotension Exhaustion Normal/high PaCO2 on ABG ```
42
What tx would you initially instigate in severe asthma?
Salbutamol nebs Ipratropium nebs (Atrovent) Hydrocortisone IV
43
What treatment could be considered if asthma is responding poorly to nebs and steroids?
IV MgSO4 | IV salbutamol
44
What are target o2 sats in copd?
88-92%
45
What is important to do later when starting COPD pts on O2?
ABG within 1 hour
46
What signs indicate a PTX?
Reduced expansion Hyperesonance Decreased breath sounds
47
Which ix is essential in PTX and when would you not do it?
CXR | Don't do it if suspect tension PTX as need urgent tx
48
What ix do you need to do if suspect PCP?
Bronchoalveolar lavage
49
Outline CURB score?
``` Confusion Urea > 7 RR >= 30 BP< 90/60 Age>=65 ```
50
What are you target sats in asthma?
94-98
51
In a patient displaying signs of meningism, what drug is given alongside abx?
IV dexamethasone
52
Which virus is most likely to cause encephalitis?
HSV-1
53
How to manage raised ICP?
1) Raise head of bed 40 degrees 2) If intubated - hyperventilate to decrease pCO2 which decreases ICP 3) Mannitol 4) Consider steroids and fluid restriction
54
Triad of features px in DKA?
Acidaemia Hyperglycaemia Ketonaemia
55
How should you manage DKA?
1) Fluids - 1L NaCl over 1 hour (bolus if systolic <90) 2) Insulin (0.1U/kg/hr) 3) Check potassium and glucose
56
What is the risk of overhydration in DKA?
Cerebral oedema
57
What are the ECG signs of hypokalaemia?
PR prolonged ST depression Flattened T wave Prominent U wave after T
58
What are the signs of hyperkalaemia on ECG?
Tall tented T waves Small P waves Wide QRS VF
59
What are the three features of HHS?
Hypovolaemia Marked hyperglycaemia High osmolality
60
How should you treat HHS?
Rehydrate slowly over 48hrs with 0.9% saline | Give prophylactic LMWH
61
What is the first line tx for thyrotoxic storm?
Beta blockers
62
What bloods are essential to take in Addisons crisis?
Cortisol ACTH U & Es
63
What is the initial tx for Addisonian crisis?
``` Hydrocortisone IV stat Fluid bolus (repeat if necessary) ```
64
Outline the mx for phaeochromocytoma
1) alpha blocker (e.g. phentolamine) | 2) long acting alpha blocker and beta blocker given once BP controlled
65
Antidote for BDZ poisoning
Flumazenil
66
Antidote for beta blocker poisoning
Glucagon + glucose or atropine
67
How does digoxin posioning px?
yellow-green visual halos
68
What is antidote for digoxin poisoning?
Digifab
69
What is antidote for iron poisoning?
Desferrioxamine
70
How do you determine whether a paracetamol poisoning pt needs referral for liver transplant?
Kings college criteria
71
What abnormalities on an ABG does aspirin poisoning cause?
Resp alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis
72
What chart is used to determine the surface area of burns?
Lund and Bowder
73
Outline the rule of 9s regarding burns
``` Arm 9% Front trunk 18% Back trunk 18% Leg 18% Head and neck 9% ```
74
What is the threshold for referring a burns victim to a specialist centre?
>25% partial thickness burns
75
How do you initially manage a burns patient?
``` Manage airway IV fluids IV morphine Simple saline gauze Ensure tetanus immunity ```
76
What sign on ECG indicates hypothermia?
J wave
77
In what instance would you warm a hypothermia pt rapidly?
If cardiac arrest/instability
78
What is the BLS ratio of compressions to breaths in resuscitation?
30:2
79
What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
Hypoxia, hypovolaemia, hyper/hypokalaemia, hypothermia | Tension PTX, tamponade, toxins, thromboembolism
80
What is the name for ACS with no ST elevation and no troponin rise?
Unstable angina
81
Where is the ST elevation in a posterior STEMI?
V7-9
82
Define NSTEMI
Trop positive ACS without evidence of ST elevation
83
What ECG changes may be seen in NSTEMI?
ST depression | T wave inversion
84
What is the most common cause of IE?
S.viridans
85
What criteria are used to dx IE?
Duke criteria
86
Which type of aortic dissection requires surgical repair?
Type A (ascending aorta)
87
What is a life threatening DDx of renal colic?
AAA
88
What are the comps of pericarditis?
Effusion Tamponade Myocarditis
89
DDx for upper GI bleed
``` PUD Gastroduodenal erosions Oesophagitis VARICES Mallory-Weiss tear Upper GI malignancy ```
90
What score is used to risk stratify patients with an upper GI bleed?
Rockall score
91
Mx for upper GI bleed
1) Protect airway and keep NBM 2) Insert two large bore cannulae and take bloods 3) Give IV fluids 4) Consider blood transfusion if Hb<7 5) Correct clotting abnormalities (e.g. vit K, FFP, platelets) 6) If varices - TERLIPRESSIN IV and broad spectrum abx 7) Catheterize 8) Notify surgeons for ENDOSCOPY
92
What drugs do you give if varices bleed?
IV terlipressin and broad spectrum abx
93
What drug is used as primary prophylaxis of varices in liver disease?
Beta blocker or endoscopic banding
94
Define status epilepticus
Generalized seizure lasting longer than 5 mins
95
When should you take troponin levels?
As soon as take bloods and at 6 hours
96
What is a Thomas splint?
Used to stabilise and prevent bleeding from a femoral fracture
97
What's a normal urine output?
1ml/kg/hr (less than 0.5 is concerning)

med (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions