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Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Features of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
RVH

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2
Q

Whats the tx for severe croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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3
Q

Which organism causes acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenza B (hib B)

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4
Q

Whats tx for acute epiglottitis?

A

Intubation

IV cefuroxime

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5
Q

How do you diagnose whooping cough?

A

Per nasal swab culture

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6
Q

How is whooping cough treated?

A

Azithromycin/erythromycin and school exclusion

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7
Q

What drug can be used to prevent bronchiolitis in susceptible individuals?

A

Palivizumab

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8
Q

Causes of stridor

A

Croup
Epiglottitis
Foreign body
Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

What is ABG finding in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

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10
Q

How is pyloric stenosis tx?

A

Ramstedts pyloromyotomy

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11
Q

What Ix will diagnose intussuception?

A

USS abdo

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12
Q

What is curative tx for intussusception?

A

Rectal air insufflation

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13
Q

What should you first suspect in a baby presenting with bilious vomiting in first days of life?

A

Intestinal malrotation

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14
Q

How is malrotation dx?

A

Upper GI contrast study/ USS abdo

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15
Q

3 signs of necrotising enterocolitis on AXR

A

Distended loops of bowel
Intramural gas
Football sign

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16
Q

How is NEC first treated?

A

Stop oral feeds (always need parenteral nutrition)

Broad spectrum abx

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17
Q

How is Hirschsprungs disease diagnosed?

A

Suction rectal biopsy

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18
Q

When is jaundice in a neonate considered serious?

A

<24hours

>2 weeks

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19
Q

What are the causes of jaundice lasting longer than 2 weeks?

A

Biliary atresia

Neonatal hepatitis

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20
Q

What test can be done in a neonate to test for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Coombs test

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21
Q

What causes jaundice in the first 24 hours?

A

Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency

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22
Q

Criteria for nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoalbuminaemia (<25/L)
Proteinuria
Oedema

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23
Q

What does a raised conjugated bilirubin at 2 weeks suggest?

A

Biliary atresia

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24
Q

What features make up charge syndrome?

A 
Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia of nose passage
Retarded growth
Genital hypoplasia
Ear abnormality
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25
What chromosomal abnormality is turners syndrome?
45, X0
26
Which manoeuvres are used to dx DDH?
Barlow and ortolani
27
Ratio in paeds CPR?
5 rescue breaths to 15 chest compressions
28
What are the features of Kawasaki's disease?
``` (CRASH and BURN) Conjunctivitis Rash Adenopathy (cervical lymphadenopathy) Strawberry tongue Hands/feet (red and oedematous palms) ```
29
Why do you avoid aspirin in children?
Risk of Reye syndrome
30
How is Kawasaki treated?
high dose aspirin | IVIg
31
What Ix is important in Kawasaki?
echocardiogram
32
Ix for recurrent UTI?
Urine culture USS DMSA Micturating cystourethrogram
33
Triad of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Acute renal failure Haemolytic anaemia Thrombocytopenia
34
At what age should a child be able to make a tower of two cubes and say 2-3 words?
1 year
35
At what age should a child be able to make a tower of 3-4 cubes?
18 months
36
At what age should a child be able to speak in 2-3 word sentences?
2 years
37
Signs of resp distress in infants
``` Tachypnoea Subcostal recession Intercostal recession Nasal flaring Head bobbing Tracheal tug ```
38
3 core behaviours of ADHD
Impulsivity Hyperactivity Inattention
39
What maintenance fluid is given in paeds?
0.9% saline/ 5% dextrose
40
What maintenance fluid is given to neonates?
10% dextrose
41
Formula for calculating weight
(age + 4) x 2
42
What is a standard paeds bolus amount?
20ml/kg
43
Which groups require only 10ml/kg bolus?
Trauma DKA Neonates
44
When would anion gap increase?
DKA | Lactate
45
Formula for anion gap
(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
46
Drug tx for sickle cell
Hydroxycarbamide
47
Mainstay of tx for beta thalassaemia major
Regular blood transfusion
48
What abnormal Ix findings would there be in vWD?
Increased APTT | Decreased factor VIII and von willebrands factor
49
What makes up measles prodrome?
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Koplik spots
50
Comps of hand, foot and mouth?
``` herpangina Myocarditis pericarditis Bornholm disease aseptic meningitis ```
51
Features of HSP
Palpable purpuric rash Abdo pain polyarthritis IgA nephropathy (haematuria)
52
How to close patent ductus arteriosus and how do you keep it open?
Indometacin - closes | Prostaglandins - keep open
53
What causes kernicterus?
Encephalopathy resulting from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei
54
What is first line test for measuring bilirubin level in neonates?
Transcutaneous bilirubinometer
55
When must you measure serum bilirubin as well as do transcutaneous measure?
If jaundice < 24 hours or neonate <35 weeks
56
Tx for jaundice less than 24 hours
Identify and tx cause Phototherapy Consider exchange transfusion via umbilical artery/vein
57
What Ix for shaken babies?
Skeletal survey Fundoscopy CT/MRI
58
How is DDH treated?
Pavlik harness/splints
59
How does transient synovitis px?
Progressive hip pain Limp/inability to weight bear Fever Irritability
60
How is SCFE treated?
Internal fixation
61
Which enzyme is deficient in CAH?
21-hydroxylase
62
Metabolic abnormality seen in CAH
Decreased Na+ Increased K+ Metabolic acidosis hypoglycaemia
63
What drug do you give as prophylaxis to the close contact of a patient with N.menigitidis?
Rifampicin
64
Which other disease is important to test for if dx TB?
HIV (also do vice-versa)
65
What tests are useful if suspect food allergy?
Skin-prick test RAST test Supervised food challenge
66
Define CP
Motor disorder due to non-progressive insult up to the age of 2
67
What criteria are used to dx septic arthritis?
Kocher criteria
68
Signs of portal hypertension
Oesophageal varices Piles/haemorrhoids caput medusa
69
Signs of ASD
Ejection systolic murmur | Split S2
70
What test can be used to dx cyanotic heart disease?
Hyperoxia test
71
How is rheumatic fever treated?
Aspirin and bed rest | need prophylactic ben pen until 18
72
What is the most common cause of downs syndrome?
Non-disjunction
73
What cause of phimosis requires treatment?
Balanitis xerotica obliterans
74
What is the meaning of an indirect hernia?
Not direct through abdominal wall. | Through existing weakness such as inguinal canal

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