A load of random Cardio Stuff you should know by now Flashcards
(32 cards)
In foetal life - the right atrium and left atrium are connected by what structure?
foramen ovale
An atrial septal defect allows the shunting of blood between the
right and left atrium
Examples beta blocker drugs
atenolol
propranalol
What are beta blockers commonly used to treat?
angina
post MI
heart failure
arrhythmias
hypertension
anxiety
Digoxin uses
atrial fibrillation
heart failure
Pleural effusions can be either transudate or exudate according to their protein concentration.
transudate is
exudate is
<30g/L
> 30g/L
Pleural effusion
water on the lungs
fluid in the layers of the pleura
Transudate is common in …
heart failure
hypothydroism
exudate is common in
infection
connective tissue disease
pulmonary embolism
lung cancer
Pleural effusion symptoms
SOB
Cough
chest pain
hyperventilation is followed by a small spell of
apnoea
stop breathing
Muscles of inspiration and expiration are ….. muscles that are under …… control
skeletal
voluntary
Doral-respiratory group in the medulla co-ordinates the contraction of the
diaphragm
most potent regulator of ventilation is the
chemical changes in arterial blood
central chemoreceptors are found in the medulla and respond to alteration in
PCO2
peripheral chemoreceptors are found in the
aortic and carotid bodies
peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in
PO2 and pH
central chemoreceptors can respond to a change in H+ in the
CSF to increase ventilation
hypoventialion
acid or alkalosis
acidosis
hyperventilation
acid or alkalosis
alkalosis
NO can be a bad sedative to use as it blunts the
peripheral chemoreceptor response to falling PO2
emphysema will do what to elasticity?
decrease it
emphysema will do what to compliance?
increase it
Boyles law
the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume
