A new political settlement 92-94

Question 1

Describe the CODESA negotiations

Answer 1

-CODESA 2 may 1992=creating working model for new constitution
-failed=Mandela accused NP of holding power and De Klerk was trying to hold power for long as possible -both knew only hope for peaceful negotiation and feared violence
NP=incoherent agenda=leaked during meetings tell advisors he would refuse to countenace various suggestions for non racial democracy to only publicly advocated them later without consulting advisors
-ideological differences=ANC wanted centralised state where NP federation based on different proveniences Buthelezi sought more power for homelands
-disagree on petty tec issues =both wanted multi-party interim gov but NP wanted all parties to have veto=ANC=majority cabinet should accepted=Clinton had to intervene as talks stopped=MPNF set up=transitional exxecutive council

Question 2

describe the relationship between Mandela and De Klerk

Answer 2

political opponents for next election despite agreeing on new constitution
-Ramaphosa and Meyer worked well
-Mandela said he did not have to like de Klerk to work together=personal hostilities were overshadowed by wanting to reach accord in time frame

Question 3

Describe the record of understanding

Answer 3

26 sep 1992=release political prisoners, banning of traditional weapons, physical restrictions on zulu dwellers repsonasble for much Inkhata murders
-future gov would ensure fair employment and pension rights for exisiting public employees and power sharing
1993=Mandela=National unity of gov=include members of all parties with more than 5% vote
not easy to sell to members ANC or NP iNKHATA AND conservatives refused to have anything to o with it

Question 4

describe the violence

Answer 4

white violence
-concerned for safety and jobs in event of end to apartheid =AWB=CONTINUED CAMPAIGN=
10 March 1994 600 AWB marched raided Bophuthatswana to reinstate anti peace chief mangope=fired on ANC and ANC fought back=end AWB
communal violence
-17 June 1992 Inkhata killed 46 suspected ANC members in Boipatong =security forces did nothing=mandela called off negotiations =SACP lacked strikes=Mandela 100,000 marched outside gov headquaters
-7 sep 1992=70,000 ANC supporters marched Bisho=Ciskei forces killed 30
Chris hani leader MK killed by white extremist=ANC sought to calm violence=organised protests =culprit was caught on white persons evidance
-violence only made those working for settlement more determined

Question 5

describe the constitutional agreements and elections

Answer 5

sep 1993=Transitional executive council was set up =facilated new political system in SA =ensured protection for minorities while accepting majority rule
-Buthelezi pulled Inkhata out in protest and did not return until days later before the election of the interim gov which was ratified by MPNF on 18th Nov 1993
-New constitution offered centralised state as interim system for 5 years=Bill of rights=power sharing 5 years=presdient leading party =deputy would be from party over 20% vote=party more than 5% would have minister=new system could only be amended by 2/3 majority pop vote =divide SA 9 provisions own elected gov civil service
fully democratic checks and balances
election=27 april 1994=ANC=62.5=NP=20.5=Inkhata=10.5=Buthelezi minister=PAC=1.25%

Question 6

describe the gov of national unity

Answer 6

SA faced huge problems 45 yrs apartheid could not be changed by new constitution =crime remained high many lacked education to take new opportunites=white people left=
transition was successful=no serious threats to system=ANC lacked effective opposition as NP fragmented due to De Klerk retiring = truth and reconcliation committe and galvanising support behind national rugby team 1995

Question 7

describe the international recognition

Answer 7

170 nations attended Mandela’s inaguration
not just about Mandela=countries recognising the considerable achievement towards moving to rainbow nation