*A&P 1 Unit 8 (Lab) [Skeletal System (Skull, Vertebra, Ribs, & Sternum)]

Question 1

Cranial Bones

Answer 1

Encase the brain and together form the calvaria (also known as the “skull cap”), which consists of several of the cranial bones joined at immovable joints called sutures. These bones also form the cranial base, which contains indentations that accommodate the brain, called the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.

Question 2

Eight Cranial Bones

Answer 2

1. Frontal
2. Parietal Bones (2)
3. Temporal Bones (2)
4. Occipital
5. Sphenoid
6. Ethmoid

Question 3

Facial Bones

Answer 3

The 14 facial bones form the framework for the face, provide openings for ventilation and eating, and form cavities for the sense organs.

Question 4

14 Facial Bones

Answer 4

1. Mandible
2. Maxillae (2)
3. Lacrimal Bones (2)*
4. Nasal Bones (2)
5. Vomer
6. Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)*
7. Palatine Bones (2)
8. Zygomatic Bones (2)

Question 5

General name for the skull’s immovable joints

Answer 5

Sutures

Question 6

Paranasal Sinuses (Function)

Answer 6

Air from the nasal cavity enters the paranasal sinuses via small openings in the bones, and in the sinuses air gets filtered, warmed, and humidified.

Question 7

Answer 7

Bony Orbits

Question 8

The cavity containing the lateral bony projections called conchae.

Answer 8

The Nasal Cavity

Question 9

The structure of the Temporomandibular Joint

Answer 9

The mandibular condyle fits into a depression in the temporal bone.

Question 10

Bones that form the nasal septum

Answer 10

1. Ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate)
2. Vomer

Question 11

Bones that form the hard palate

Answer 11

1. Palatine Process of the Maxilla
2. Horizontal Plate of Palatine Bone

Question 12

Fetal Fontanel

Answer 12

Large, membrane-covered areas. (“soft spots”)

1. Anterior Fontanel
2. Posterior Fontanel

Question 13

Answer 13

Anterior Fontanel

Where the sagittal and coronal sutures meet

Question 14

Answer 14

Posterior Fontanel

Where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet.

Question 15

Answer 15

Coronal Suture

Question 16

Answer 16

Squamous Suture

Question 17

Answer 17

Lambdoid Suture

Question 18

Answer 18

Sagittal Suture

Question 19

Answer 19

Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone

• Forms part of the cheekbone.

Question 20

Answer 20

External Auditory Meatus of Temporal Bone

Question 21

Answer 21

Styloid Process of Temporal Bone

Question 22

Answer 22

Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone

Question 23

Answer 23

Carotid Canal - for carotid artery - of Temporal Bone

Question 24

Answer 24

Jugular Foramen - for jugular vein - Between occipital and temporal bones

Question 25

Answer 25

Foramen Magnum of Occipital Bone * For the spinal cord to pass through

Question 26

Answer 26

Occipital Condyles - articulate with C1 - of Occipital Bone

Question 27

Answer 27

Sella Turcia of Sphenoid Bone * Normally houses the pituitary gland.

Question 28

Answer 28

Optic Canals - for optic nerve - of Sphenoid Bone

Question 29

Answer 29

Cribiform Plate of Ethmoid Bone * Forms the roof of the nasal cavity

Question 30

The little dots

Answer 30

Olfactory Foramina of Ethmoid Bone * Through which olfactory nerves pass

Question 31

Answer 31

Crista Galli of Ethmoid Bone

Question 32

Answer 32

Lesser Wing of Sphenoid Bone

Question 33

Answer 33

Greater Wing of Sphenoid Bone

Question 34

Answer 34

Perdendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone * Forms the superior part of the bony nasal septum

Question 35

Answer 35

Body of Mandibular Bone

Question 36

Answer 36

Angle of Mandibular Bone

Question 37

Answer 37

Ramus of Mandibular Bone

Question 38

Answer 38

Condyle of Mandibular Bone

Question 39

Answer 39

Alveolar Margins of Mandibular Bone and Maxillae * Border between the teeth and bones

Question 40

Answer 40

Zygomatic Process of Maxilla

Question 41

24 Bones of the Vertebral Column

Answer 41

1. Cervical Vertebrae (7) [C₁-C₇] 2. Thoracic Vertebrae (12) [T₁-T₁₂] 3. Lumbar Vertebrae (5) [L₁-L₅] 4. Sacral Vertebrae (Fused) [S₁-S₁] 5. Coccyx (Fused) [C₁-C₄]

Question 42

Intervertebral Disk

Answer 42

Between each vertebral body is a fibrocartilage pad.

Question 43

Transverse Formina

Answer 43

All cervical vertebrae have holes in their tranverse processes called transverse foramina. There foramina permit the passage of blodd vessels called the vertebral artery and vein.

Question 44

Atlas (C1)

Answer 44

The atlas is the first cervical vertebra that articulates with the occipital bone. It is easily identified because it has a large vertebral foramen, no body, and no spinous process.

Question 45

Axis (C2)

Answer 45

The axis is the second cervical vertebra. It is also easily identified by a superior projection called the dens (or the odontoid process). The dens fits up inside the atlas to form the atlanto-axial joint, which allows rotation of the head.

Question 46

The 12 thoracic vertebrae share the following common features:

Answer 46

1. The spinous processes are thin and point inferiorly. 2. All have two costal facets that articulate with the ribs (there are 12 pairs of ribs) 3. All have triangular vertebral foramina. 4. If you look at a thoracic vertebra from the posterior side, it looks like a giraffe.

Question 47

The 5 lumbar vertebrae share the following common features:

Answer 47

1. All have a large, block -like body. 2. The spinous processes are thick and point posteriorly 3. If you look at a lumbar vertebra from the posterior side, it looks like a moose.

Question 48

Fused bones in the Sacrum

Answer 48

5

Question 49

Fused bone in the Coccyx

Answer 49

3 to 5

Question 50

Sacral Foramina

Answer 50

Spinal nerves pass through these holes

Question 51

The lateral surfaces of the Sacrum.

Answer 51

Articulate with the hip bones to form the sacroilica joints

Question 52

Sacroiliac Joints

Answer 52

the joint between the lateral sacrum and the hip bone. (one on each side)

Question 53

Answer 53

C1-C7

Question 54

Answer 54

T1-T12

Question 55

Answer 55

L1-L5

Question 56

Answer 56

Vertebral Foramen - for passage of spinal cord Passage of spinal cord, C1-L1/L2; Nerve roots, L3-L5

Question 57

Answer 57

Transverse Foramina in transverse processes - for vertebral artery and vein

Question 58

Answer 58

Body of C2-C7

Question 59

Answer 59

Spinous Process of C2-C7

Question 60

Answer 60

Body of C2-C7

Question 61

Answer 61

Spinous Process of C2-C7

Question 62

Answer 62

Superior Articular Facet of C1 - articulates with occipital condyles of skull

Question 63

Answer 63

Dens of C2 - articulates with C1

Question 64

Answer 64

Body T1-T12

Question 65

Answer 65

Transverse Process of T1-T12

Question 66

Answer 66

Spinous Process of T1-T12

Question 67

Answer 67

Pedicles T1-T12

Question 68

Answer 68

Laminae T1-T12

Question 69

Answer 69

Superior Articular Process and Facet - for articulation with vertebra above T1-T12

Question 70

Answer 70

Superior Costal Facets - for articulation with ribs

Question 71

Answer 71

Transverse Costal Facet - for articulation with ribs

Question 72

Answer 72

Inferior Costal Facets - for articulation with ribs - T's only

Question 73

Answer 73

Body L1-L5

Question 74

Answer 74

Vertebral Foramen L1-L5

Question 75

Answer 75

Transverse Process L1-L5

Question 76

Answer 76

Spinous Process L1-L5

Question 77

Answer 77

Pedicles L1-L5

Question 78

Answer 78

Laminae L1-L5

Question 79

Answer 79

Superior Articular Process and Facet - for articulation with vertebra above L1-L5

Question 80

Answer 80

Inferior Articular Process and Facet - for articulation with vertebra below L1-L5

Question 81

Answer 81

Bodies of S1-S5 on Anterior Sacral Surface

Question 82

Answer 82

Sacral Foramina (for spinal nerves)

Question 83

Answer 83

Coccyx

Question 84

Answer 84

Superior Articular Facets (Sacrum)

Question 85

Answer 85

Medial Sacral Crest

Question 86

Answer 86

Sacral Canal (for nerve roots)

Question 87

3 Parts of the Sternum

Answer 87

1. Upper Manubrium 2. Middle Body 3. Lower Xiphoid Process

Question 88

True Ribs

Answer 88

Ribs 1-7 Because they attach directly to the sternum by their own cartilage

Question 89

False Ribs

Answer 89

Ribs 8-10 Becasue they attach to the cartilage of the true ribs rather than directly to the sternum

Question 90

Floating Ribs

Answer 90

RIbs 11 & 12 Because they lack an attachment to the sternum

Question 91

Ribs connect to the...

Answer 91

Thoracic Vertebra

Question 92

Answer 92

Manubrium

Question 93

Answer 93

Body Of Sternum

Question 94

Answer 94

Xiphoid Process of Sternum

Question 95

Answer 95

True Ribs (1-7)

Question 96

Answer 96

False Ribs (8-10)

Question 97

Answer 97

Floating Ribs (11 & 12)

Question 98

Hyoid Bone

Answer 98

Is often classified as a skull bone, although it does not articulate with any skull bone or any other bone. It is held in place in the superior neck by muscles and ligaments, and it helps to form part of the framework for the larynx (voice box). It also serves as an attachment site for the muscles of the tongue and aids in swallowing.

Question 99

Answer 99

Costal Cartilage

Question 100

Answer 100

Costal Margin

Question 101

Answer 101

Intercostal Spaces