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EMT Class > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of the body and the relationships of its parts to each other (how the body is made)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The function of the living body and its parts (how the body works)

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Patient standing erect, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms forward

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4
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up on back

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5
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down on stomach

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6
Q

Lateral Recumbent Position

A

Lying on right or left side

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7
Q

Fowler Position

A

Lying on back with upper body elevated at 45-60 degree angle

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8
Q

Semi-Fowler Position

A

Lying on back with upper body elevated at an angle less than 45 degrees

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9
Q

Trendelenburg Position

A

Head down, legs up

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10
Q

Superior Plane

A

Above the waist

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11
Q

Inferior Plane

A

Below the waist

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12
Q

Anterior Plane

A

Foot

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13
Q

Posterior Plane

A

Back

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14
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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15
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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16
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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17
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back or backbone (spine)

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19
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the front or belly (abdomen)

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20
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline or center of the body

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21
Q

Lateral

A

Left or right of the midline or away

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22
Q

Bilateral

A

Both left and right sides

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23
Q

Unilateral

A

One side

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24
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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25
Contralateral
Opposite side
26
Proximal
Near the point of reference
27
Distal
Far from, Distant
28
Midclavicular
Center of each collarbone
29
Midaxillary
Center. Of the armpit (axilla)
30
Planter
Sole of the foot
31
Palmer
Palm of the hand
32
Musculoskeletal System
Human body consists of a bony framework or skeleton
33
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
34
Tendons
Connects muscles to bone
35
Orbits
Eye sockets
36
Nasal bones
The bed of the nose
37
Maxillae
Fused bones of the upper jaw
38
Zygomatic Bones
Cheek bones
39
Mandible
Lower jaw
40
Spinal Column
Support system of the body
41
Vertebrae
The spinal column
42
Cervical Spine
C1-C7 (neck) most prone to injury
43
Thoracic Spine
T1-T12 (upper back) help support the vertebrae
44
Lumbar Spine
L1-L5 (lower back) Most injuries involve muscles, not vertebrae
45
Sacral Spine
S1-S5 (back wall of the pelvis) Back side of the pelvis which is also called the sacrum
46
Coccyx
Tailbone
47
Thorax
Chest, Composed of the ribs
48
Sternum
Breastbone
49
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
50
Abduction
Movement toward the midline
51
Circumduction
Movement through 360 degrees
52
Pronation
Turning forearm so palm is turned toward the back
53
Supination
Turning forearm so palm is turned toward the front
54
Skeletal Muscle or Voluntary Muscle
Contracted or relaxed by will
55
Smooth Muscle or Involuntary Muscle
Automatic
56
Cardiac Muscle
Only found in the walls of the heart
57
Automaticity
On its own
58
Alveoli
Tiny air sacks
59
Heart
4 chambers flows blood from the lungs and the body
60
Atria
Upper chambers of the heart receive blood from the veins
61
Ventricles
Lowe Chambers Pump blood out to the arteries
62
Valves
Between the chambers Keep blood flowing in one direction also prevents backflow
63
Tricuspid (toilet)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
64
Pulmonary Valve (paper)
Deoxygenated- At the base of pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
65
Mitral Valve (my)
Bicuspid valve, Between the left atrium and the left ventrical
66
Aortic Valve (ass)
At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventrical
67
Myocardium
Middle layer of the muscle to contract and eject blood from the heart
68
Artery
Carries blood away from the heart
69
Aorta
Major artery from the heart
70
Coronary Arteries
Vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
71
Carotid Arteries
Supply the brain and head with blood (one on each side of the neck)
72
Femoral Arteries
Major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood
73
Dorsal Pedis Arteries
Artery in the foot
74
Posterior Tibial Arteries
Travels from the calf to the foot Pulsations can be felt posterior to the ankle bone
75
Brachial Arteries
Major artery of the arm Can be felt front of the elbow Used when determining blood pressures Assessing a pulse in an infant
76
Radial Arteries
Major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint Can be felt proximal to the thumb on the wrist Used when taking a pulse
77
Pulmonary Arteries
Originate at the right ventricle carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs Only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
78
Arteriole
Smallest kind of artery
79
Capillary
Has walls that allow for the exchange of gasses, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level
80
Venules
Smallest branch of the veins, connected to the distal end of the capillaries
81
Vein
Carries blood back to the heart
82
Venae Cavae
Carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs
83
Superior Vena Cava
Enters the top of the right atrium carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body
84
Inferior Vena Cava
Enters the bottom of the right atrium carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body
85
Pulmonary Veins
Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium Only veins that carry oxygenated blood
86
Red Blood Cells
Give the blood its color Carry oxygen to the body cells, and carry carbon dioxide away from cells
87
Hemoglobin
Located in the cytosol inside the red blood cells is responsible carrying oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide The oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules are carried on different sites on the hemoglobin molecule
88
White Blood Cells
Part of the body’s immune system and helps defend against infection
89
Platelets
Clotting factors are essential to the formation of the blood clots Necessary to stop bleeding
90
Plasma
Liquid part of the blood which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues Also transports waste products to organs where they can be excreted from the body
91
Blood Pressure
The force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries
92
Systolic Blood Pressure
Exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts
93
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest, or between contractions
94
Hydrostatic Pressure
The force on the inside of the vessel walls because of the blood pressure and volume
95
Edema
Swelling occurring in the tissues
96
Perfusion
The delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products that result from the constant adequate circulation of blood through the capillaries
97
Hypoperfusion
The insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that result from inadequate circulation of blood
98
Aerobic Metabolism
With oxygen Metabolism refers to the chemical and physical changes that take place within the cells
99
Anaerobic Metebolism
Without oxygen
100
Nervous System
Controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body
101
Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain, which is located in the cranium and the spinal cord
102
Peripheral Nervous System
Composed of the nerves located outside the spinal cord and brain
103
Voluntary Nervous System
Influences the activity of skeletal (voluntary) muscles and movements
104
Autonomic Nervous System
Automatic It influences the activities of smooth (involuntary) muscles and glands
105
Alpha 1
Effects cause the vessels to constrict (vaso-constriction)
106
Alpha 2
Effects are thought to regulate the release of Alpha 1
107
Beta 1
Effects relate to the heart. They increase the heart rate, increase the force of cardiac contraction, and speed up the electrical impulse traveling down the hearts conduction system
108
Beta 2
Effects cause smooth muscle to dilate, especially in the bronchioles and in some vessels
109
Epinephrine
Raises BP
110
Digestion
Consists of two processes One mechanical and the other chemical
111
Reproductive System
Complementary organs that can function to accomplish human reproduction
112
Chronic
Long term or progressing gradually
113
Acute
Severe, with rapid onset
114
Stenosis
Narrowing
115
Cardiac Hypertophy
Thickening of the heart walls
116
Dysrhythmias
Irregular contractions of the myocardium secondary to the electrical disturbances in the heart
117
Neuropathy
Any derangement or abnormal function of the motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts

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