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EMT Class > Chapter 10 Airway > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Airway Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Respiration

A

Process of gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

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2
Q

Ventilation and Breathing

A

Refer to moving air in and out of the lungs

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3
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the surrounding pulmonary capillaries. External respiration, also referred to as alveoli/capillary gas exchange, serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide in the lungs

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5
Q

Internal Respiration

A

The gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the systemic capillaries. Also known as cell/capillary gas exchange, responsible for delivering oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from the cell

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6
Q

Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

A

Aerobic metabolism, occurs in the cell. The process breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, produces high amounts if energy in the form of APT, and releases carbon dioxide and water as a bi-product

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7
Q

Upper Airway

A

Extends from the nose and mouth to the cricoid cartilage, the most inferior portion of the larynx

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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9
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Nasal Passages

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10
Q

Oropharynx

A

Back of the mouth

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11
Q

Lower Airway

A

Extends from the cricoid cartilage at the lower edge if the larynx to the alveoli of the lungs

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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14
Q

Carina

A

The point which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstem bronchi

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15
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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16
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

The anterior portion of the larynx is composed of the large bulky thyroid cartilage, which can be felt at the front of the throat

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17
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Which forms the most inferior portion of the larynx and is the only completely circular cartilaginous ring of the upper airway, is found at the lower portion of the larynx just below the thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

Bronchi

A

Larger airways and contain cartilage

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19
Q

Bronchioles

A

Become increasingly smaller as they continue to branch, are composed of smooth muscle and lined with mucous membranes

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20
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacks

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21
Q

Pleura

A

The lungs are surrounded by two layers of connective tissue

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22
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

The innermost covering the lungs

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23
Q

Parietal Pleura

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A

Thicker, most elastic layer that adheres to the inner portion of the chest wall

24
Q

Pleural Space

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A

Small space that is at negative pressure

25
Serous Fluid
Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction when the layers of the pleura rub against each other during breathing
26
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
27
Ventilation
Breathing
28
Inhalation or Inspiration
Breathing air in
29
Exhalation or Expiration
Breathing air out
30
Intercostal Muscles
Muscles between the ribs
31
Chemoreceptors
Continuously monitor levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration) in the arterial blood and stimulate an increase or decrease in impulses from respiratory rhythm centers to control the rate and depth of ventilation
32
Oxygenation
The process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with oxygen
33
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen content in arterial blood
34
Hypoxia
Inadequacy in the amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells
35
Signs of Mild to Moderate Hypoxia
Tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Pale, cool,clammy skin (early) Tachycardia (increase in heart rate) Elevation in blood pressure Restlessness and agitation (from hypoxic brain cells) Disorientation and confusion (from high carbon dioxide levels in the blood) Headache
36
Signs of Severe Hypoxia
Tachypnea Dyspnea Cyanosis Tachycardia that my lead to dysrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) and eventually bradycardia Severe confusion Loss of coordination Slow reaction time Altered mental status Seizure
37
Cyanosis
Bluish gray color, is a late sign of hypoxia and may be found in and around several areas of the body, including lips, mouth, nose, fingernail beds, conjunctiva
38
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
The process of forcing air into a patients lungs
39
Deoxygenated
Low oxygen concentration but high carbon dioxide
40
Oxygenated
High oxygen concentrations and low carbon dioxide
41
Patient Airway
Open airway
42
Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)
Oral airway (OPA) semicircular device of hard plastic or rubber that holds the tongue away from the back of the airway
43
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
Nasal airway, curved hollow tube of soft plastic or rubber with a flange or flare at the top end and a bevel at the distal end
44
Tidal Volume
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one respiration
45
Minute Volume or Minute Ventilation
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
46
Respiratory Distress
Condition in which the patient is working harder to breathe
47
Respiratory Failure
Occurs when the respiratory rate and/or tidal volume is insufficient
48
Respiratory or Apnea
Occurs when the patient completely stops breathing
49
Common Causes of Respiratory Failure or Respiratory Arrest
Stroke Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Drug overdose Toxic inhalation Electrocution and lightening strike Suffocation Traumatic injuries to the head, spine, chest, or abdomen Infection to the epiglottis Airway obstruction by a foreign body
50
Agonal Respirations
Gasping type breaths
51
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing rate
52
Depth
Shallow and inadequate
53
Methods of Artificial Ventilation
Mouth to mask Bag-valve mask (BVM) operated by two people BVM operated by one person
54
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)
Manual device used to provide positive pressure ventilation
55
Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)
A positive pressure ventilation device that delivers ventilations automatically
56
Stoma
Surgical opening in the front of the neck through which the patient breathes air into the trachea
57
Nonbreather Mask
Method for delivering high concentration oxygen

EMT Class (5 decks)

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