A&p 2 exam 1

Question 1

Direct communication

Answer 1

Cells as GAP junctions
2 cells sharing cytoplasm
not very broad communication
has ions, small solutes, lipids, souble materials
ex: the heart

Question 2

Paracrine communication

Answer 2

spits out a signal
Talks to cell close to it
not a broad communication
ex: the digestive tract

Question 3

Endocrine communication

Answer 3

signals are sent through blood vessels
Goes through the whole body
Very wide communication
Has tons of hormones

Question 4

synaptic communication

Answer 4

Includes the nervous system
it is both broad and short communication
-has neurotransmitters

Question 5

Pars distalis

Answer 5

secretes pituitary hormones

Question 6

pars intermedia

Answer 6

secretes MSH
hUMANS DONT HAVE THIS

Question 7

What does the posterior lobe of the puitary gland do?

Answer 7

Releases ADH and oxytocin

Question 8

Hypothalamic control of the PG

Answer 8

ADH and oxycotin are made in the hypothalamus

-hypo produce regulatory hormones/ tells anterior lobe to make its hormones
- control of sympathetic medullae

Question 9

Releasing hormones

Answer 9

-TRH
-CRH
GnRH

Question 10

TRH

Answer 10

Tells thyroid to do its job
- goes through the bloodstream

Question 11

CRH

Answer 11

Tells pituitary gland to make ACTH
- IT IS CONNECTED TO ADRENELAN

Question 12

Hormonal control of anterior lobe

Answer 12

• Releases hormone
• Tells pituitary gland to make hormone
• Goes to specific hormone
  -makes hormones
  -goes back to hypothalamus and PG (TELL IT TO COOL OFF)

Question 13

Prolactin

Answer 13

Releases milk
-it is regulated by PRH (REGULATION)
-PIH (INHIBITORY)
-PIH is made from dopemine

Question 14

Growth hormone

Answer 14

-keeps us healthy
allows cellular growth
-makes sure tissue is healthy and maintained
-liver produces IGF’S (PROTEIN) THAT SLOWS DOWN GnRH release (slows down puberity)

Question 15

Anterior lobe of pituitary hormones

Answer 15

-TSH(TURNS ON METABOLISM KEEPS US WARM
-ACTH(TURNS ON ADRENAL GLAND)
-FSH/LH (REGULATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
-PROLACTIN (MILK AND GROWTH)

Question 16

PARS INTERMEDIA OF PITUITARY HORMONES

Answer 16

MSH: HAPPENS EARLY ON, GIVES ANIMALS PIGMENTATION

Question 17

POSTERIOR LOBE hormones of pituitary gland

Answer 17

ADH- Prevents you from peeing, your body needs enough water.

OXT- Tied to olympic system

Question 18

WHAT IS thyroid follicle cells surrounded by

Answer 18

surrounded by simple cubiodial epethelial cells

Question 19

what are thyroid cells produced by?

Answer 19

simple cubiodal cells

Question 20

Tyrosine

Answer 20

amino acid in your protein
- helps communicate between nerve cells
-helps production of noreheprenephine and eprenephin e
-production of melanin

Question 21

Thyroxine

Answer 21

Control how much energy your body uses
Gets converted into T3

Question 22

T3

Answer 22

Active hormone
- another name for thyroid hormone

Question 23

Reverse T3

Answer 23

IODONS are in the wrong place

Question 24

Where does iodine come from?

Answer 24

Our diet

Question 25

How do we make thyroid hormone

Answer 25

-Pituitary gland sent out tsh so iodine can be brough into follicle cells - Iodine travels out of cells with thyroglobin - Thyroglobin has tyosines to make t3 and t4 - Thyroglobin is brough in and fuses with lysosomes -t3 and t4 is diffused out of follicle cells -Any left over amino acids ortyrosines goes back into thyroglobin

Question 26

What must be present to start thyriod hormone

Answer 26

TSH MUST BE PRESENT

Question 27

target endocrine organ of TSH

Answer 27

Thyroid gland

Question 28

target organ for ACTH

Answer 28

Adrenal cortex

Question 29

Target endocrine organ for FSH AND LH

Answer 29

Testes/ ovaries FSH- Ovaries inhibin estrogen Lh-ovaries inhibin progesterin and estrogen

Question 30

Hormone of Tsh

Answer 30

Thryoid hormones

Question 31

Hormone of ACTH

Answer 31

Glucocorticoids

Question 32

Hormone of LH AND FSH

Answer 32

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERIN AND ANDROGENS

Question 33

What does the parathyroid hormone do

Answer 33

releases calcium in the bloodtstream in places where calcium is to low

Question 34

what hormone counteracts with parathyriod

Answer 34

calcitonin

Question 35

what does insulin do

Answer 35

brings down blood glucose

Question 36

what does glucagon do

Answer 36

brings up blood glucose

Question 37

Beta cells

Answer 37

releases insulin/ brings down blood glucose

Question 38

alpha cells

Answer 38

produces glucagon/brings up blood glucose

Question 39

when are delta and F cells produced

Answer 39

when we eat protein based foods

Question 40

type 1 diabetes

Answer 40

you don't produce enough insulin

Question 41

type 2 diabetes

Answer 41

your cells are not sensitive to insulin

Question 42

Pineal gland

Answer 42

makes melatonin, sits in brain stem

Question 43

adrenal muddulae

Answer 43

Produces EP and NP

Question 44

Zona reticularis

Answer 44

produces andogrens/mainly testerone

Question 45

zona fasiculata

Answer 45

produces clugacorticoids

Question 46

mineral corticoids

Answer 46

produces aldosteron

Question 47

adrenal cortex

Answer 47

produces cortisol, adrogens

Question 48

pancreas

Answer 48

produces insulin and glucagon

Question 49

spermiogenesis

Answer 49

Spermatid to spermatazoom acromsol vessicle acrosomal shedding cytoplasm mitochondria