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kenisiology exam 2 > EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY UNIT 1 > Flashcards

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant and internal environment. Many different systems are providing a comfortable state conscious.

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2
Q

Examples of homeostasis

A

Blood pressure
Body temperature
Heart rate
Blood glucose regulation
ion regulation
osmoregulation

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3
Q

Steady state

A

What happens at activity
Changes and comes back
Example: heart rate at sub maximal exercise// body core temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise

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4
Q

cross sectional area

A

Where majority of circulation is (capillaries)

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5
Q

Laminar flow

A

The flow is slow where there is friction (vessel wall) and fast where do is no friction (blood vessell)

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6
Q

Intercellular control system functions

A

Protein breakdown and synthesis
Adapt to current energy, the activity you do, (input and output)
Produces ATP
Maintenance of stored nutrients

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7
Q

Organ systems function

A

replenish oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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8
Q

biological control system

A

Series of interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical parameter at a near constant value
Happens in the brain
Failure of biological control system can result in diseases like type 1 diabetes

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9
Q

Components of biological control system

A

Sensor, receptor, control system, effector

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10
Q

What is the function of sensor and receptor

A

detects changes in variables

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11
Q

what is the function of the control system

A

Assesses input and initiates response

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12
Q

Effector

A

Changes internal environment back to normal
Example: Not breathing enough may result in urination.
Brings us back to homeostasis

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13
Q

Negative feedback

A

An effect to get the initial disturbance back to normal

Most control systems work in negative feedback

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14
Q

Positive feedback

A

Biological response increases the initial disturbance
Most control systems do not work in positive feedback
Helps system survive disturbance until something tells it to stop

Examples: Blood clotting,

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15
Q

How does exercise disrupt homeostasis

A

By changing body’s PH, PO2, pco2

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16
Q

Hormesis

A

Low to moderate stress results in a beneficial adaptive response on cells and organ system

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17
Q

Intracrine signaling

A

Chemical messenger inside cells trigger a response

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18
Q

Juxtacrine signaling

A

Chemical messenger passed between two cells

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19
Q

Autocrine signaling

A

Chemical messenger acts on that same cell

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20
Q

paracrine signaling

A

Chemical messenger acts on nearby cells

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21
Q

Endocrine signaling

A

Chemical messengers releases into the blood
Cell signaling
Affects cells with specific receptor to hormones .

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22
Q

Glycogen

A

Found in the liver
A polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules

23
Q

Anaerobic pathway

A

Does not require oxygen
Happens inside the mitochondria
Includes oxidative phosphorylation

24
Q

Aerobic pathway

A

Requires oxygen
happens inside the mitochondria
Includes oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

Where does glycolysis happen?

A

In the cytoplasm

26
Q

What lowers activation needed for enzymes

A

HEAT

27
Q

Ketone bodies

A

Large ACOA structures

28
Q

End product of aneorobic

A

lactate

29
Q

End product of aerobic

A

Pyruvate

30
Q

what does atp pc system create

A

kinase

31
Q

What does ATP inhibit

A

The first thing that take place in processes

32
Q

Rest to exercise transition

A

ATP production increases immediatly and oxygen uptake increases rapidly

33
Q

thyroid

A

stores calcium and is happening in thyroid

34
Q

parathyroid

A

releases calcium and moves calcium from bone to blood

35
Q

Hormesis

A

harmful stress results in a beneficial adaptive response (basically survival)

36
Q

bioenergetics

A

metaboliasim= oxidation/ break down

Turns food into energy

37
Q

endergonic

A

Puts energy in

38
Q

exergonic

A

puts energy out

39
Q

bioenergetic

A

Breakdown of things and turn them into glucose

40
Q

where is glycogen found

A

skeletal muscles and liver

41
Q

trygliceride

A

storage form of fat in muscles and adipose tissue

42
Q

oxygen deficit

A

lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise

43
Q

beta oxidation

A

oxidizes fatty acids to produce A-COA
IT HAPPENS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA

44
Q

How does intensity and duration of exercise impact muscle glycogen and blood
glucose:

A

When exercise intensity is high and duration is short, we rely on stored fuel (muscle glycogen)… long duration of exercise and low intesnity is involved with blood glucose

45
Q

Define lipolysis

A

the breakdown of triglycerides and frees fatty acids

46
Q

What does Growth Hormone act on with exercise and where is it released from

A

…. Acts on liver and adipose tissue…it is released from anterior pituitary

47
Q

How does Insulin and Glucagon work to maintain blood glucose

A

It inhibits insulin and mobilizes fat fuels and preserves blood glucose to maintain blood glucose

48
Q

EPOC

A

rapid(atp-cp get released and stored first) and slow rest duration (production of lactate) of oxygen

49
Q

Define what a Hormone is

A

chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. Made up of amino acids, steroids, binds to specific protein receptors

50
Q

Which Thyroid hormone impacts plasma Calcium

A

CALCITONIN

51
Q

Enzyme

A

increases the speed of reactions

52
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Fast acting hormes, increases heart rate and lypolysis

53
Q
A
54
Q
A

kenisiology exam 2 (20 decks)

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