A&P CH ONE & THREE

Question 1

Anatomy and list subdivisions

Answer 1

Study of structure, Gross/Macroscopic, Microscopic, Developmental

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the function of the body

Question 3

___ and ___ are inseperable, ___ always reflects ____

Answer 3

Anatomy and Physiology are inseparable, Function always reflects Structure

Question 4

Put in order from smallest to largest

Organismal, Chemical, Orgam, Cellular, Organ System, Tissue

Answer 4

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal

Question 5

T or F

Negative feedback is most mechanisms in the body

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

____ Feedback enhances or exaggerates original stimulus

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

Positive feedback may ehibit a _____ effect

Answer 7

enhancing

Question 8

What can occur if you have a disturbance in your homeostasis?

Answer 8

Increase risk of disease, contributes to changes associated with aging, infection

Question 9

T or F

Anatomical position is feet slightly apart, palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from body

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

T or F

Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not those of the observer

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Superior (Cranial)

Answer 11

Toward head or upper part of body

Question 12

Inferior (Caudal)

Answer 12

Away from head or toward lower part of body

Question 13

Ventral (Anterior)

Answer 13

Toward or at front of body

Question 14

Dorsal (Posterior)

Answer 14

Toward or back of body

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Toward or at midline of body

Question 16

Intermediate

Answer 16

Between a more medial and lateral structure

Question 17

Lateral

Answer 17

Away from midline of the body

Question 18

Proximal

Answer 18

Closer to origin of body or point of attachment

Question 19

Distal

Answer 19

Farther from the origin of a body part of point of attachment

Question 20

Superficial (External)

Answer 20

Toward or at body surface

Question 21

Deep (internal)

Answer 21

Away from the body surface; more internal

Question 22

Two subdivisons of the body are

Answer 22

Axial- head, trunk, neck

Appendicular- limbs

Question 23

A flat surface along which body may be cut for anatomical study?

Answer 23

Body planes

Question 24

Three body planes are….

Answer 24

Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal

Question 25

What are your internal two body cavities?

Answer 25

Dorsal and Ventral

Question 26

Your dorsal cavity contains___ and ___

Answer 26

Cranial and Vertebral cavity

Question 27

Viscera

Answer 27

covers internal organs

Question 28

The ventral body cavity has two subdivisons, the ___ and ____ separated by your ____

Answer 28

Thoracic, Abdominalpelvic, diaphragm

Question 29

Your thoracic has 4 cavities in it

Answer 29

1. two pleural- each surrounding a lung 2. Mediastinum- containing the pericardial cavity, surrounds thoracic organs 3. Pericardia- encloses heart

Question 30

Your abdominopelvic cavity has two parts...

Answer 30

Abdomen cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver Pelvic cavity contains urinary bladder, repo organs and rectum

Question 31

thing, double layered membrane

Answer 31

Serous membrane or serosa

Question 32

a serosa that lines internal body cavity walls

Answer 32

Parietal serosa

Question 33

Serosa that covers internal organs (viscera)

Answer 33

Visceral

Question 34

The serosa is seperated by a cavity filled with _____ (this is secreted by both layers of membrane

Answer 34

Serous Fluid

Question 35

____ Serosa of heart

Answer 35

Pericardium

Question 36

____ serosa of lungs

Answer 36

Pleurae

Question 37

What is the material between the nucleus and plasma membrane? What does it contain?

Answer 37

Cytoplasm and contains cytosol and organelles

Question 38

What makes majority of molecules in the plasma membrane?

Answer 38

Phosopholipids

Question 39

The plasma membrane is made of a _____. It keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules where they belong without the chance of the diffusing in to the cell

Answer 39

Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 40

The head of the phospholipid bilayer is ____ (love water) and the tail on the inside is _____ (hates water).

Answer 40

Hydrophilic (loves water) and Hydrophobic (hates water)

Question 41

What are the five functions of an integral protein

Answer 41

Enzymes, Receptors, Attachment, Cell Recognition, and Transport

Question 42

What do the five functions of integral protein do

Answer 42

ENZYMES- catalyze reactions as substrates RECEPTORS- bind with chemical messengers causing changes in cell inside ATTACHMENT- junctions to other cells (gap, desmosome, tight) and anchoring the cytoskeleton within the cell CELL RECOGNITION- for recognition by immune system cells TRANSPORT- allowing molecules to move into/out of the cell

Question 43

____ diffusion- when small, non-charged substances move between____ in the membrane.

Answer 43

Simple and Phospholipids

Question 44

___ diffusion- substances move through a ____

Answer 44

Facilitated and membrane transporter

Question 45

____ diffusion- ____ across a selectively permeable membrane; three types

Answer 45

Osmosis and water

Question 46

define pumps-

Answer 46

substances transported through a protein from where they are not concentrated to where they are already concentrated

Question 47

what are the two types of vesicle transport

Answer 47

Endocytosis- goes into the cell | Exocytosis- goes out of the cell

Question 48

T or F | Sodium potassium pump is used because Na/K are slowly leaked through the channel causing changes in gradient

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

List the three membrane functions

Answer 49

Tight Junction Desmosomes Gap junction

Question 50

Tight junction-

Answer 50

impermeable, prevents molecules from passing through. Found in digestive tract. also the skin.

Question 51

Desmosomes-

Answer 51

anchoring bind adjacent cells together and help from internal tension-reducing fibers. Found where mechanical stress is, skin or heart muscle

Question 52

Gap junction-

Answer 52

communicating junction allow for ions/small molecules to pass from one cell to the next Found in electrically excitable tissues like hear and smooth muscle

Question 53

Function of DNA

Answer 53

genes and protein synthesis

Question 54

What is the S phase of the cell cycle

Answer 54

growth and DNA synthesis, DNA is replicated

Question 55

Telomere

Answer 55

region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration of from fusion with neighboring chromosomes

Question 56

DNA synthesis

Answer 56

semi-conservative process (old/new strands together)

Question 57

Protein synthesis- DNA gives instructions for the sequences of the ____ amino acids

Answer 57

in proteins

Question 58

Protein involves involves two processes...

Answer 58

Transcription and translation

Question 59

List the functions and stages of interphase

Answer 59

G1- cell is metabolically active, growing G0- cell state of cells that have been permanently stopped growing s- DNA is replicated G2- enzymes and proteins needed for cell division are synthesized

Question 60

TAGC

Answer 60

Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine