A&P CHPT 9 Flashcards by Krystal Bryant

The system as a whole has two principle divisions called ?

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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What is in the CNS?

Brain

Spinal cord

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What is in the PNS?

All nerves

Autonomic system

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What is in the autonomic system?

Heart rate, contraction of stomach and intestines, and secretion of chemical compounds

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What are two major types of cells found in nervous tissue?

neurons

glia cells

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what are neurons?

nerve cells

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What is glia?

support cells

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Neurons consists of three parts?

1) cell body
2) dendrites
3) axon

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What is the “cell body” of the neurons?

it’s the main part

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What is the “dendrites” of neurons?

one or more branching projection

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What is “axon” of neurons?

one en-longed projection

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What are the types of neurons?

1) sensory neuron
2) motor neuron
3) Interneurons

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Sensory neuron does what?

carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain

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What is sensory neuron is also called?

afferent neuron

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What does the motor neuron do?

carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord

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What type of tissues is motor neuron?

muscle

glandular

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What is the motor neuron also called?

efferent neuron

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What does the interneurons do?

conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.

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What is interneurons also called?

central or connecting neurons

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glia or neuroglia is what?

special types of supporting cells

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An important reason for discussing glia is one of the most common type of brain tumor called?

glioma

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glia performs many different functions including

the regulation pf neuron function

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Glia vary in size and shape:
Large cells that look somewhat like stars
(threadlike branches)

atstrocytes

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along the the walls of the blood vessels, astrocyte branches form a two layer structure called

Blood brain barrier

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what is smaller then astrocytes

microglia

microglia usually ....

remains stationary

The _____ separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect vital brain tissue from harmful chemicals that may be in blood

BBB BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

The ____ helps to hold nerve fibers together

oligodencytes

oligodencytes also serves in what function?

They produce the fatty myelin sheath that envelopes nerve fibers located in the brain and spinal cord

The _____ affects nerve conduction speed.

myelin sheath

______ are glia cells that also forms myelin sheaths but do so only in P.N.S

Schwann cells

Neurons with myelin-wrapped axons are called

myelinated fibers

_____ is gaps between adjacent schwann cells

Nodes of Ranvier

The outer wrapped layer of a schwann cell is called?

neurilemma

A _____ is a group of peripheral nerve fibers (axons) bundled together like the strands of a cable.

nerve

what is the gap that serves as a junction between nerve cells?

synapse

The motor neuron axon forms a synapse is called

a effector

what is a group of nerve cell bodies located in P.N.S. called?

ganglion

What are at the beginning of dendrite's

receptors

what is the basic type of neuron pathway called?

reflex arc

nerve impulses also called ______ can travel trillions of route?

action potentials

what are bundles of axons in the C.N.S are called?

Tracks

a tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve is called?

epineurium

groups of wrapped axons is called?

Facials

an involuntary response to an impulse conduction over a reflex arc is called?

reflex | knee at the doctors office

the destruction of neurons of the motor area of the cerebrum is called?

C.V.A. | cerebrovascular accident

what is in the brain stem

M---MEDULA OBLONGATA P---PONS M---MIDBRAIN

What does the medula oblongata do?

control center of cardiac respiratory

what do pons do?

influence respiratory

What does the midbrain do?

relays visual and audio

what does cerebellum do?

muscle coordination (posture)

What is in the diencephalon?

H--- Hypothalamus T--- Thalamus P--- Pineal gland

What does the hypothalamus do?

regulates temp, water, sleep, appetite, and sex drive

What does the thalamus do?

sensory relay of cortex, emotions

What does the pineal gland do?

melatonin, natural light, internal clock

What does the cerebrum do?

sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, memory

what does the following stand for? - B-ecause - C-cant - D-itch - C-lass

3Brainstem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum

Olfactory

smell (smell that factory)

Optic

vision

oculmotor

eye movement think (O)

Trochlear

eye movement (down and in)

Trigeminal

touch forehead cheek and teeth

Abducens

eyes side to side (looking for someone)

Facial

Taste, saliva anterior

Vagus

Defecation

Vestibulocochear /acoustic

hearing/balance

glossopherneal

posterior taste

spinal accessory

shoulder shrug

hypoglossal

tongue movement

temporal lobe

language and auditory

occipital lobe

``` vision deep dispaja (eating problem) ```

latteral fissure

short term memory | hypocampus