Ap ch 6 Flashcards by Krystal Bryant

What are appendages?

the hair and skin glands

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What is another name for the skin and connective tissues just beneath it?

integument

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What term refers to a thin, sheet like structure that may have many important functions in the body . it covers and protects the body surface, lines body cavities, and covers the inner surfaces of the hollow organs such as the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory passage ways?

Membrane

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What are two major categories or types of body membranes?

Epithelial membrane and Connective Tissue membrane

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______ are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue?

epithelial membrane

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_____ are composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue. no epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane?

connective tissue membrane

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Epithelial membranes are ?

avascular

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connective tissue membranes are?

vascular

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What are three types of epithelial tissue membranes in the body?

#1 cutaneous membrane
#2 serous membrane
#3 mucous membrane

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The ____ is the primary organ of the integumentary system?

the cutaneous membrane (skin)

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As with epithelial membranes, a _____ is composed of two distinct layers of tissue?

serous membrane

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______ holds and supports the epithelial cells?

basement membrane

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The _____ layer is a serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity?

parietal layer

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The _____ layer is the portion of the membrane that folds inward to cover the surface of organs within a body cavity.

The visceral layer

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In the thoracic cavity the serous membrane around each lung is called the __________?

pleura

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In the abdominal cavity the serous membrane covering most of the organs called the ____?

peritoneum

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The ___ layer forms the lining of the body cavity, and the ____ layer covers the organs found in that cavity?

Parietal and Visceral layer

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_____ is a very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes that line the chest cavity and cover thee lungs.

Pleurisy

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The term _____ is used to describe inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

peritonitis

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_____ are epithelial membranes that contain that contain both an epithelial layer and a fibrous connective tissue layer.

mucous membranes

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The ____ cells of most mucous membranes secrete a thick slimy material called mucous that that keeps the membranes moist and soft

epithelial

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The fibrous connective tissue underling the epithelium in mucous membranes is called the ____

lamina propria

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The term ____ is used to describe the transitional area that serves as a point of “fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet

mucocutaneaous junction

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The ____ lining the joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones in movable joints are classified as connective tissue membranes

synovial membranes

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Synovial membranes are smooth and slick and secrete a thick colorless lubricating fluid called ____

synovial fluid

Where are bursea found?

between moving body parts and they are small cushion like sacs

What is the largest and one of the most important organs of the body

the skin

The ____ is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

The ____ is the deeper of the two layers. It is thicker than the epidermis and is made up largely of connective tissue

dermis

The layers of the skin are supported by a thick layer loos connective tissue and fat called___

subcutaneous tissue of the hypodermis

The ___ acts as a shock-absorbing pad and helps protect underlying tissues from injury caused by bumps and blows to the body surface

subcutaneous tissue

The basal cells of the innermost layer are called ____

stratum germinativum

____ is a tough water proof material that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin with a horny abrasion resistant and protective quality

Keratin

The tough outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ___

stratum corneum

The deepest cell layer of the stratum germinativum is responsible for the production of a ___ that gives color to the skin

pigment

Melanin is what?

brown pigment

___ is produced by cells called melanoctyes that are found in the bascal layer it is produced and packaged

Melanin

What is the primary function of Melanin?

to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight before it reaches tissues below the outer layers of the epidermis

If blood oxygen levels decrease or if actual blood flow is reduced dramatically the skin turns a blue gray color. This condition is called ____

cyanosis

The junction that exists between the thin superficial epidermal layer of skin and the deeper the dermal layers forms a type of basement membrane called the

dermal-epidermal junction

____ project upward from the dermis into the epidermis and also stabilize the dermal-epidermal junction

dermal papillae

Blisters are what stage?

stage 2

tough and strong fibers are called ___

collagen or white fibers

stretchable and elastic fibers are called ___

elastic or yellow fibers

The ___ increase the surface area of the glue like dermal-epidermal junction that helps to bind the skin layers to each other

dermal papillae

Reticular layer makes up what percentage of the body

80%

The subcutaneous tissue if often called the ___

superficial fascia or hypodermis

The hair of a newborn infant is extremely fine an soft it is called ___

lanugo

Cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis to form a small tube called the ____

hair follicle

hair growth begins from a small bump called the ___ which is located at the base of the follicle

hair papilla

The nail body nearest the root has a crescent shaped white area known as the ____

lunula

What are the two skin recepters?

lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle) wich is the deeper like the dermis and detects pressure and the tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle) which detects light **layers?***

The skin glans include what two varities?

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

___ are by far the more numerous important and widespread sweat glands in the body

eccrine sweat glands

Sweat assists in the elimination of ____

waste products such as ammonia and uric acid

____ are found primarily in the skin in the armpit and the pigmented skin areas around the genitals they are also responsible for body odor

Apocrine sweat glands

___ secret oil for the hair and skin

sebaceous glands

___ lubricates the hair and skin

sebum

What are the 5 most important functions of the skin?

#1 protection #2 temperature regulation #sense organ activity #4 excretion #5 synthesis of vitamin D

What are the 3 most common types of cancer?

skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma (the most dangerous)

warning signs of melanoma ABCDE

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

Rule of asymmetry

benign moles are usually symmetrical. Their halves are mirror images of each other. Melanoma lesions are asymmetrical or lopsided

rule of border

Benign moles are outlined by a distinct border but melanoma lesions are often irregular or indistinct in shape

rule of color

Benign moles may be any shade of brown but are relatively evenly colored. Melanoma lesions tend to be unevenly colored, exhibiting a mixture of shades or colors

rule of diameter

By the time melanoma lesion exhibits characteristic A, B, and C it is also probably larger larger than 6mm (1/4 ??)

rule evolving

moles that continue to evolve or change over time may be cancerous. Besides the changed noted above melanoma lesions ay begin to itch, form an ulcer, or bleed

what is capulary firmability

fluid shifts

HH8V causes

kaposi's sarcoma

The most serious form of skin cancer is

melanoma

squamous cell carcinoma is

slowly growing carcinoma of the epidermis

Basal cell carcinoma

is a common type of skin cancer

the most important factor in causing common skin cancer is

exposure to the suns ultraviolet radiation

the body is divided into 11 areas of what percentage

destruction of a subcutaneous layer occurs in a ___ degree burn

third

the type of membrane that lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior is known as

mucous

What is first degree burns

typically a sun burn, 1-3 day healing period, and peeling

What is second degree burns

involves deep epidermal layers, always causes injury to upper dermis layer, blisters occur along with severe pain

What is third degree burns

complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis, full thickness burn, great risk of infection

Which Isotonic fluid is commonly given to treat burns

lactated ringers

what fluid with burns that with in a few hours could cause hypovolemic shock is important to replace the fluid within isotonic solution

increase of Capillary permeable

Ap ch 6 Flashcards

(80 cards)